AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 97 



therefore, described by LinnEeus as of the size of Virgaiirea:'. The wings of the male on the up])er side are of a 

 pure tawny or fulvous colour, with the outer edges alone black, and in tlie liind wings marked witliin with small 

 black spots, of which the fourth is placed nearer the base of the wing. lu most specimens there is also a transverse 

 line at the extremity of the discoidal cell. The female has the upper surface of the fore wings dull copper with 

 spots, arranged as in Ch. dispar S , but smaller. The hind wings have the entire upper surface dusky without 

 orange veins, but marked with darker spots, the margin itself being black and internally crenated. On the under 

 side both sexes resemble each other, the disc of the wings being lutoous-ash coloured, with fewer and smaller spots' 

 but similarly ocellated, as in Ch. dispar, three of larger size being placed along the discoidal cell lon"itudinall3', 

 succeeded by an irregular row placed transversely, and several very minute ones parallel with the outer margin ; 

 the hind wings beneath are ash-coloured, with about seventeen ocellated spots, and a fulvous band on the hinder 

 margin anteriorly spotted with black. 



Although regarded by some authors as specifically identical with Ch. dispar, the present species differs in its 

 smaller size, more tawny hue of the upper side of the wings of the male (generally destitute of the small trans- 

 verse bar or streak at the extremity of the discoidal cell of the fore wings), fewer and smaller spots on the under 

 side of the wings, and more uniform hue of the hind wings of the female, which seem to warrant a specific distinc- 

 tion between the two insects : moreover, as BIr. Stephens observes, amongst several hundreds of Dispar which have 

 been taken atWhittlesea Mere, not one specimen occurred agreeing with the truellippothoe. Nothing is known with 

 certainty as to the true locality of this species, of which several specimens were preserved in old English collections. 

 It is presumed, however, that one of these was taken iu some part of Kent, having having been obtained from an 

 old collection made in that county, kuowu to collectors under the name of the Kentish Cabinet. 



SPECIES 5.— CHRYSOPHANUS VIRGAUREiE. THE SCARCE COPPER BUTTERFLY. 



Plate XXX. fig. 1_5. 

 Synonymes— /"ajoi^io ri);9n!«-c«, Linnaus: Hawortli ; Donovan, Ent. 1, pi. 9, fig. I— '2, male, fig. 3, female. Dunran, ISiit. liutt. pi. 



'20, fi'_'. ^ ; Wood, Ind. Ent. t. 3, fig. GO, male and female. 

 CJirysophaniis Virgaiire(B^\\u\)ncx (Verz. bck. Sclimett.) 



vol. 5, pi. 173, male ; Lcwin, pi. 41, f. 1 — 2. 



Li/ctEua Virgaare<B, Fabricius ; Oclisenlieimer ; Stephens, Brit. 



This very distinct species is about the size of Ch. Ilippothoe, the fore wings expanding about an inch and a half : 



the upper surface of all the wings is of a very rich yellow cop])cr colour, without any discoidal spots or any clouds 



indicating the situation of the spots on the under side of the wings ; the margin of all the wings is black, 



and more or less narrow ; the hmd wings having, moreover, a few black spots near the posterior edge, and 



confluent with the dark margin, except the two next the anal angle, which are close together and smaller 



than the rest. The female is more obscure in the colours of the upper side, with a spot in the middle. 



and a larger one at the extremity of the discoidal cell ; beyond this is an irregular row of black spots, 



which is succeeded by a submarginal row of six large somewhat confluent black spots. The hind wings are 



more variegated in their ajipearance than in any other species, being of an obscure fulvous colour at the base, a 



large discoidal patch and several dashes of brown between the veins of the wings (including a transverse curved 



row of seven larger spots, nearly square, beyond the middle of the wing), and a marginal row of smaller ones of 



a dusky brown colour. Beneath the sexes are nearly similar, being of a dull fulvous stone colour, the ba.se and 



extremity being irrorated with greenish. In the discoidal cell are two small black spots, and a transverse one at 



its extremity ; beyond this are six or eight small black spots placed irregularly but in j.airs, and beyond this the 



