APPENDIX. 



AN EARLIER ACCOUNT OF THE LARVA OF ANOPHELES. 



Just as this manuscript was about to be sent to the printer the 

 writer's attention was called to a paper by F. Meinert, entitled "Die 

 encephale Mygelarver" (Sur les larves encephales des Dipteres; leurs 

 mceurs et leurs metamorphoses), K. Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs 

 Skrifter (Copenhagen), iii, pp. 373-493, Pis. I-IV (1886), in which, 

 among other observations, he gives a brief statement concerning Ano. 

 pheles which is sufficiently interesting to translate: 



^^ Anopheles. — In the ' Observations d'Histoire Naturelle" of Joblot 

 one finds a description of this larva, "Description of a new fish," 

 which is rather insignificant, and a drawing which is not badly done. 

 The larva drawn by Brauer as Anopheles is a larva of Dixa, and those 

 reported by Fischer d'Waldheim as C. clawger are larvae and nymphs 

 of the genus Corethra, while his nj^mph is a Tanypus, and his fly an 

 Anopheles. Aside from this, Gerke has briefly mentioned this larva 

 in his paper entitled ' On the metamorphoses of the dipterous genus 

 Dixa,' page 166. 



"The larva of Anopheles lives in still waters or in a weak current 

 with a rich vegetation, in wooded or unwooded regions. It does not 

 like the shade of great trees, but seeks the sun and the light, as is 

 indicated b}^ its fresh green color. It does not hibernate, but in mild 

 seasons it is found in a half -grown condition by the end of March. In 

 July or a little later in the course of a summer the second generation 

 of the full-grown larvae are found, and in 1882, a 3'ear when the spring 

 was very forward, the writer found at the end of October small larvae 

 which certainly belonged to the third generation; but it was not to be 

 supposed that these larvae would become full grown, since as they liv^e 

 at the surface of the water the first film of ice would kill them. 



' ' The larvae hold themselves at the surface of the water, where they 

 float with the extremity of the abdomen turned toward the bank or 

 toward the plants which cover the surface. The larva is stretched out 

 in the water with the respiratory tube at the surface. The larger part 

 of the abdomen and posterior part of the thorax are submerged, only 

 a little portion of the prothorax emerging. The lipad is under water. 

 The long hairs with which the body of the female is provided on the 

 sides, on the metathorax, and the first three segments of the al)domen 

 are of great assistance to it in maintaining a fixed position. It rests 

 often for a long time immovable and only occasionally changes its 

 location. Its movements denote a certain apathy or indolence, but at 

 the same time much prudence and apprehension. When it moves it 

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