92 



orange scales have given trouble only in the south, and are also con- 

 trolled by fumig-ation. 



The San Jose scale {Ay)idwt>'s j>e/'niclosu.s) is still with us in Cali- 

 fornia, but is so well in control that it is scarcely ever mentioned 

 when discussing injurious insects in conventions or meetings of farmers. 

 It occurs all over the State, but is chiefly to be found in the great val- 

 ley. The treatment almost uniformly adopted is winter spraying with 

 lime, salt, and sulphur mixture. The idea that it is troublesome only 

 in the north is not correct.^ It is less injurious near the coast (San Jose 

 and southern California) than in the interior (Marysville), but it is rather 

 more injurious in the San Joaquin than in the Sacramento valleys. 

 The use of the lime, salt, and sulphur mixture is so beneficial to the 

 tree that it is often used when the orchard is free from scale. Our 

 very dry, hot summer weather has a tendency to unduly thicken the 

 bark much as the attacks of the scale insects do, and nothing we know 

 of in the way of a bark corrodent is as safe and efl'ective, leaving the 

 bark in so perfect a condition as this. The wash does not kill the 

 insects, at least not very completel}^ at once, but perhaps as much by 

 the corrosion of the bark as anj'thing else efl^'ectually rids the tree of 

 the insects attached to it. 



CODLING MOTHS. 



The codling moth, next to scale insects, has received attention. It 

 occurs over most of the State and presents a most diverse set of life 

 histories according to the location. In some places it is still unknown 

 (isolated orchards along the Sierra foothills); in others, while present, it 

 is so unimportant as to require no treatment (several localities exposed 

 to the ocean winds). 



Again, in a good many localities the insects come late in the spring 

 and perhaps have but a single brood, and one spraying any time before 

 the fruit is half grown seems to be satisfactorily efl'ective. A still 

 larger number of localities require the spra3'ing to be once carefully 

 done and properly timed for early fruit, and two or three additional 

 sprajdngs late in the season if late fruit is to be saved. Finally, some 

 situations are so bad that a continuous warfare umst be kept up from 

 the time the blossoms open till the fruit is picked. Indeed, some of 

 our fruit, especially fancy apples for export, is picked over two or 

 three times after storing in the packing house to allow the develop- 

 ment of worms that could not be discovered at picking time. 



PEACH W^ORMS. 



The peach worm {Anarsia llneateUd)^ which winters as a borer in 

 the bark, becomes a bud worm in the spring, and in the second gener- 

 ation bores into the ripe fruit, is one of our most troublesome peach 



1 J, B. Smith, Rep. State Ent. N. J. 



