30 



The pujxi. — The pupa is .sufficiently .shown at figure 7, d. It niea.s- 

 urcs about 7.5'"'" in Icnoth and i.s nearly white in color, the eye.s turn- 

 ing' darker as it approaches the time for linal tran.sforniation. 



The change to pupa in the conlinement of our rearing jars took 

 place in the pith of sunflower .stems placed there for the purpose. A 

 cocoon is shown at figure 7, e. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



Little can at present be said of the distribution of this species. Like 

 the majority of sawflies, it is mo.st abundant in the North, but has 

 undoubtedly been disseminated by commerce in shipments of >iolet.s 

 and pansies from one place to another. Its occurrence has not been 

 noted out-of-doors in the vicinity of the District of Columbia to the 

 writer's knowledge, and it would therefore seem probable that it i,s a 

 comparatively recent introduction, if we may use the term in speak- 

 ing of a native species being esta])lished in new localities. The known 

 distri))ution oml)races Plattsl)urg, Rhinebeck, and Poughkeepsie, 

 N. Y. ; Garrett Park, Md., Toronto and Ottawa, Canada. 



It is not a little singular that a northern species of insect as this 

 seems certainly to be should become acclimatized in greenhouses as far 

 south as the District, since it is a well-established fact that a ver^^ large 

 proportion of the insects that lead an indoor life are of tropical origin. 



HISTORY or TIIK SPECIES. 



This species was first described in the year 1878 by the Abbe L. 

 Provancher as Emphytus jjallqx'S^ a name preoccupied by Spinola for 

 a European species of this genus. Kir1)y\s descri})tion of J^^. canadcnxls 

 appeared in 1882 (Li.st Hymen. Brit. Mus., Vol. I, p. 20-1). There are 

 several accounts bearing on the biology of this species. One is by 

 Dr. H. G. Djar, of the U. 8. National Museum, published in 181>1: in 

 the Canadian Entomologist, in which he describes the larva in the last 

 two stages and gives some brief notes on its habits and occurrence on 

 culti^'ated pansies at Plattsburg, N. Y. In the Florists' Exchange for 

 August 7, 1897, Mr. P. T. Galloway ])ublished a short article on this 

 insect under the title of '"'Injury to Violet plants," the species being 

 identified as "an undetermined sawfl}." Brief mention is made of the 

 larva and its manner of work, the article being devoted mainly to 

 methods of control. The nature of injury l)y the larva is illustrated. 

 This article was republished in Ameiican Gardening for August 21 

 of tlie same year. In Fauna Ottawaensis Il3auenoptera Phytophagica, 

 an article l)y Mr. Vs . II. Harrington, published in Aohnue VII, Ottawa 

 Naturalist, and consisting of a list of the Phytophagic H^^menoptera 

 taken in the neighborhood of Ottawa, Canada, the following appears 

 concerning this species: "Eight females. May 8, June 9. Violets 

 and pansies." 



