PLATE VITI. 



Work of secondary and other cnciincx of the xpruoe. 



a. Work of TomicuH pk-eq Hopk. IVJS. iu white spruce bark. 



h. Work of PityopJithoriis c(triviciij>H hec. in sprucH liai'k hikI giooving the outer 



wood. 

 c. Galleries of the destructive pine-l^ark beetle {DeiidroctoiLns froiitali.s) iu pine 



liark: also attacks spruce. 

 (I. Work of Dryoni'tes piceii Hopk. MS on the surface of spruce wood. 

 c. Galleries of the spruce Polvi;raphus on surface of pieces of spriace driftwood, 



found in Parmaclieene Lake, 

 (54 



