PLATE XIV. 



Dead spruce : alsoflr and birch. 



a. Old dead spruce and a dead Inrch in cutting. 

 bl. Remains of very old dead spruce. 



b~, Appearance of spruce tree after it has been dead five to ten years or more 

 c, White Spruce near gamekeeper's camp, dead three or four years. 

 fZ, Dead spruce, fir, and birch, killed by fire. 

 e. Dead spruce and fir on summit of Rump Mountam. 

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