59 
cutworm attacks the tubers or bulbs; and, after devouring the foliage 
of fruit trees, it gnaws the bark. 
LIFE’ HISTORY. 
HIBERNATION AND X#STIVATION. 
In regard to the manner of passing the winter, Mr. Slingerland 
(1. ¢., p. 104) sums up what has been published regarding the insect, 
which he believes indicates that it winters as a pupa or moth, the eges 
being laid in the spring, notwithstanding the fact that, according to 
Dr. Forbes, hibernation sometimes takes place as larva. 
To write with certitude in regard to a point in an insect’s life history 
like hibernation, one must have the insect under observation in dif- 
ferent seasons and in different localities. Recent observations by the 
writer in the neighborhood of the District of Columbia show that here 
at least this species passes the winter in the larval condition, although 
probably also as moth, and even as pupa. Messrs. Doane and Brodie 
‘‘carried the insect through the winter in the pupal stage” at Pull- 
man, Wash. This is probably seldom the case about the District of 
Columbia. 
Early in October, 1899, the writer found an egg mass of this species 
on celery at Brookland, D. C. .It was kept in a moderately cool 
room and by the close of the month larve hatching from these eggs 
and fed on celery leaves had attained nearly full growth, all of them 
disappearing into the earth by the 3d of November except one, which 
was diseased, and which will be mentioned later. December 20 
moths began issuing in great numbers and deposited eggs in large 
masses in the rearing jar. The eggs hatched January 8 and 11, but 
we were unable to rear moths from this lot. Larve were found at 
intervals in warm spells during the winter, where they had come up 
under boards and in similar places for feeding. ~ It seems probable 
that in the southern range of this insect breeding is almost continuous. 
What has been related is sufficient to show extreme irregularity in 
development. The observations conducted by Dr. Fletcher in Canada 
show quite conclusively that the insect at least attempts to hibernate as 
pupa, although the fact that it does so appears to remain to be ascer- 
tained. November 9 two pupe were dug up at Ottawa which pro- 
duced the moth tendays afterwards indoors. The ground was covered 
with snow at the time and it seems probable that under such conditions 
hibernation would have been successful. 
A larva of this species was obtained at Cabin John, Md., feeding on 
cabbage, January 15,1900. It continued feeding a few days and then 
descended into the earth and was kept under continuous observation 
until August 20, when it transformed to pupa. During all this time, 
a period of seven months, this larva partook of no food and at times 
appeared nearly dead, as it scarcely moved when disturbed. The. 
