60 
imago issued September 10, the pupal stage having lasted twenty-one 
days. 
This is a somewhat remarkable instance of prolonged estivation, 
but not without parallel, a similar instance having already been 
recorded by the writer (Bul. 6, n. s., p. 88). In the instance cited 
protracted development occurred with the larva of Ephestia kuehniella, 
the Mediterranean flour moth. <A similar irregular development has 
been noticed in Cacacia rosaceana, the oblique-banded leaf roller. 
While the larva above mentioned was under observation others 
were found and taken indoors for further study. One of these, taken 
March 23 under a board where it had fed on strawberry leaves, trans- 
formed to pupa April 20, the moth appearing about three weeks later, 
while other larvee obtained a little later transformed to pupa May 11. 
and later, the first adult emerging May 31. The pupa stage in this 
vase lasted ten days. 
SUMMARY OF LIFE HISTORY. 
From the summary of the life history of this species which has been 
made by Mr. Slingerland (1. ¢.), together with recent observations con- 
ducted by the writer, it is obvious that, although some data are miss- 
ing, we have a fairly complete knowledge of the insect’s life economy. 
Although it is very irregular in development, and is to be found prac- 
tically in all stages throughout the year, at least in greenhouses and 
elsewhere indoors, it seems probable that as a rule this cutworm agrees 
with most others in passing the winter as larva, although hibernation 
takes place to a limited extent in the pupal and probably the adult 
conditions. In the State of Washington hibernation in the pupa state 
appears to be normal. From the fact that attack has been often noticed 
in May—for example, at St. Charles, Mo. (on the 23d, as previously 
recorded, and two days later at Washington, D. C.)—it is obvious 
that much injury may be done in spring by over-wintered larve. 
Dr. Riley was of the opinion that there were at least two and possibly 
three generations of this species produced in the latitude of St. Louis, 
and there is reason to believe that this will hold good for the District 
of Columbia and vicinity. Attack, then, of hibernated larvee begins 
in a latitude like that of the District sometime in May. <A second 
generation is produced which causes injury in July_and August. The 
majority of these insects probably disappear toward the end of the 
month of August, but some of them transform to pup and after- 
wards to moths which lay eggs for an exceptional third generation. 
It seems probable that whatever is the life history it does not vary 
much throughout the region in which this species is injurious and we 
would expect to see the same ora very similar life history in Washing- 
tonand Oregon, where this cutworm was so destructive during the past 
season. The last generation is produced so late in the season and is so 
small in extent that comparatively little injury is done. Of the cases 
