26 
observation it is evident that the eggs (or maggots) of the parasite 
were placed upon the host (this grasshopper) previous to the third 
molt, and that the larval life of the parasite is at least as long as from 
May 26 to August 28, or a period of ninety-five days. It is astonish- 
ing that all of the natural functions of grasshoppers went on during 
this remarkable period of parasitic attack. 
Just to what extent the parasitic flies lessened the number of 
grasshoppers it is difficult to say 
owing to the prevalence of fungous 
diseases. Numbers of dying  speci- 
mens were examined, and the vis- 
cera of those specimens infested with 
the fungus was much more disinte- 
grated than those attacked by mag- 
gots, yet, as many of the grasshop- 
pers were common hosts of disease 
and maggots, it was impossible to ar- 
rive at any very definite conclusion. 
Little information could be gotten 
Fig. 12.—Lucilia cxsur—enlarged (irom from examination of the dead grass- 
ich: i hoppers in the field as numerous ants 
soon deprived the hoppers of viscera or parts of viscera left by the 
maggots. 
From the puparia of //e//cob/a helicis two secondary parasites were 
reared. One of these, Aphwrreta pallipes Say, was bred August 3, 
the other, Pertlampus cyaneus Brullé. 
The young of the locust mite was found to do effective work as 
parasites upon the wing pads and wings of grasshoppers. Upon the 
FIG. 13.—Schistocerca americana: Adult (from Howard). 
majority of those collected in the fifth and last stages young mites 
were common guests. 
Blackbirds and turkeys were observed to feed upon grasshoppers 
in all stages, and upon some plantations turkeys were purchased and 
liberated in infested fields. The exact information is not at hand as 
to the real merit of turkeys, but a common belief prevails that they 
may be made to serve a very practical purpose in grasshopper out: 
breaks. 
