37 
treated with the lime, sulphur, and salt wash. This treatment had 
been made in the winter or early in the spring, before the trees had 
begun to leaf out, and at the end of August the trees were still dis- 
tinctly whitened by the application, there having been no rains in the 
interim to remove it from the bark. Under such circumstances it is 
plainly to be seen that this wash has the maximum chance of effective- 
ness, and that it is thoroughly effective under these conditions is beyond 
question. Its effectiveness is undoubtedly, in the first instance, chiefly 
due to the direct insecticidal action of the mixture; and possibly, 
secondarily, in protecting the tree by the limy and sulphurous coating, 
which remains for months and is undoubtedly distasteful to the young 
scales coming from old individuals which may have escaped, and 
perhaps: retains enough of its insecticidal value to destroy many of 
them. 
Bordeaux mixture kerosene emulsion.—This mixture, suggested by 
Professor Galloway, is an attempt to emulsify a small amount of kero- 
sene in a comparatively large amount of Bordeaux wash. The for- 
mula used was— 
Gallons. 
SE eats h ered CPR TONERS: ep eens reer eye eye nee eS ee ee a | De ee ey 5 
[SSiROR RINE 2 oh te ee Eee ne mee pe nee arn Se een Coe Mie re eal 1 
The two are churned together until the oil is emulsified. SSome peach 
trees infested with Diaspis pentagona were sprayed with this mixture 
on April 14. At the time of the application the trees were just com- 
ing out in leaf and bloom. The weather conditions immediately fol- 
lowing the application were favorable, no rain falling on the 15th or 
16th. There was a good deal of rain, however, between April 17 and 
22. This mixture seemed to have little effect on the trees, and also 
little effect, if any, on the scale insect. It must be remembered that 
the Diaspis has an unusually thick scale, and is therefore more than 
ordinarily protected and correspondingly immune from the. action of 
insecticides, as was illustrated in the preceding experiment with the 
lime, sulphur, and salt wash, where not above 50 per cent of this 
Diaspis was killed by a wash that completely exterminated the San 
Jose scale. The testing of this mixture has not, therefore, been 
wholly satisfactory, and it is probably worth while to do some more 
work with it in the future with other scale insects. 
— Kerosene-lime emulsion.—TVhis mixture, recommended to the writer 
by Professor Galloway some years ago and experimented with in a 
limited way at the time, was again brought to his notice by Professor 
Galloway, who prepared for his use an emulsion after the following 
formula: 
TIRES UTA eee eee See 2 eee ce ere SCS As oot ann Rhee. Sees pounds... 4 
Vick Or ene raeeieen 4 pan te een $y apd Bese idee 45 Poy ets fet oe: ayes yt Pe tle gallons.. 5 
Merasene esas. ss20 5 95 ee ere 03 Gere ae Te ces Se ee ek tees dosc=o 
