55 
hind wings, which are concealed during repose, are of a grayish color. 
The moth varies in size, but never expands over an inch. The sexes 
may be distinguished readily by the fact that the male has a streak of 
black hairs upon the upper surface of each hind wing, and upon the 
under surface of each front wing there is a long blackish spot. The 
relative number of moths of each sex is about equal. 
The adult insect is rarely seen. In my summer’s experience I saw 
but five. These were either resting upon the upper surface of the 
leaves or were upon the trunk or larger branches. In warm evenings 
by aid of a light I saw a few flying about the trees. 
It has long been known that the moth is not attracted to lights. I 
examined the contents of an electric (arc) light globe that was near 
an orchard without finding a single codling moth. 
It has been observed that the moths feed upon apple juice, and I 
saw two moths feeding upon the juice of a crushed apple. Mr. Hitt 
tells me that it is common to find moths about cider mills. I have 
found that if a piece of ripe apple was placed in a cage of moths they 
would lay eggs in abundance, and if the apple was wanting no eggs or 
but few would be laid. 
After laying eggs, the moths in cages die in about a week. 
BROODS OF THE INSECT. 
In view of the fact of the differences of altitude and temperature in 
Idaho there must exist a corresponding difference in the number of 
broods. 
Upon arriving at Boise I immediately commenced work upon this 
question. I found the overlapping of broods to be something remark- 
able. From July 7 to about September 1, I could find in the field all 
stages of the insect except the adult, which I could breed in cages. 
From my band records I tind that while I kept records there were 
larvee going under bands every day. 
From the records of Mr. Ayers, of Boise (as given later), we find 
that in 1897 there were larve under the bands every week from June 
25 to October 19. To sum up, we have every day throughout the 
season moths emerging and laying eggs, eggs hatching, larvee coming 
out of apples and spinning cocoons, and larvee changing to pupe. 
This fact, together with the number of broods, certainly explains 
why the codling moth is more injurious in the West than in the East. 
The overlapping can be accounted for by the difference in rate of 
development of different individual insects. 
Professor Aldrich says that in the section from Boise to Weiser and 
ahout Lewiston there are at least three broods, and part of a fourth 
was observed at Boise this year (1899). Mr. McPherson, Mr. Hitt, 
and others have arrived at the same conclusion. Without doubt the 
number of broods in Fremont and Bingham counties is less. 
