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‘areful in importing infested fruit and to exercise utmost vigilance in 
watching his orchard, and if the moth is found, even in small numbers, 
no expense should be spared to apply the proper remedies immediately. 
One source of trouble that can be easily prevented is that when 
apples are stored the larvee emerge from the fruit, spin their cocoons, 
and upon emerging as moths in the spring find easy access to the 
orchard. I studied two well-marked cases of this. At Mr. C. M. 
Kiggins’s place apples were stored in boxes in a cellar in which there 
were open ventilators. 1 found many old cocoons in and about these 
boxes. When I examined the orchard, July 9, 1 found that in trees 
nearest the cellar practically all of the apples were infested. In going 
from the cellar a noticeable decrease was observed, and in the farthest 
part of the orchard the injury varied from 5 to 30 per cent. 
In the well-kept orchard of Hon. Edgar Wilson a similar case was 
noted. 
These examples show the futility of remedial measures when the 
moth has such a start. Both Mr. Wilson and Mr. Kiggins are fully 
aware of the above conditions, and will take care that the mistake is 
not repeated. Either of three courses may be followed: To fumigate 
with hydroeyanic-acid gas while the larve are in the cocoon, to put 
screens over the holes and crush the moths which will collect there, or 
not to store apples on the premises. 
In some cases picking the apples early to escape a coming brood is 
practiced. If the stages of the insect are known, this method may be 
followed to much advantage. 
REMEDIAL MEASURES. 
In fighting this insect, the first question which presents itself is, In 
what stage can the insect be best attacked, and how 4 
As a result of the work that has been done on this subject, it is 
evident that any mixture strong enough to kill the egg will injure the 
tree. Further work may throw more light upon this subject. 
At two periods in this stage the insect is vulnerable, and a larger 
portion of the remedies have been used at these periods. 
After the young larve hatch, and before they have started for the 
center of the apple, has long been recognized as the most vulnerable 
point in the life of the insect. At this point spraying is a most effect- 
ive remedial measure. 
I found that in Idaho the fruit growers were using many kinds of 
spraying solutions, with varying results. 
A patent mixture, composed largely of carbolic acid and coal tar, 
was used by some. This solution is supposed to have a smell about it 
that keeps the moth away from the tree: The best I have seen this 
solution do, with several excellent sprayings, in conjunction with 
