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bands, was to save 66 per cent. I believe that what good effects are 
derived from its use are due to the killing of the larvee with which it 
comes in contact. 
Many of the fruit growers add an arsenite, usually paris green, to 
the carbolic compound. The results with this mixture are varying. 
Others have used kerosene in the arsenite, thereby combining both 
poisonous and contact insecticide. One grower used this combination, 
and writes me that ‘‘There are no wormy apples to be seen” (in his 
orchard), and that the apples injured by all sources amounted to only 
about 0.05 per cent. ; 
One difficulty is to get these different ingredients to mix well. 
Whale-oil soap is used in combination with other sprays, but I could 
find no facts in regard to the results of its use. 
By far the greater number of growers use the arsenites alone. Of 
these arsenites paris green is most used, in the proportion of | pound 
to 150 gallons of water, with from 1 to 2 pounds of freshly slacked 
lime. 
Some are using London purple, and others are using a combination 
of London purple and Paris green. Many are using the lime arsenite 
with excellent results. In fact, wherever any of these arsenites are 
used intelligently good results are obtained. Some growers are preju- 
diced against certain of these arsenites on account of past experiences. 
In two cases I found that they had omitted the lime, and in both cases 
the foliage was badly burned. 
My observations have led me to believe that it makes but little 
difference as to what arsenite is used if it is well applied. 
The pumps used were of all kinds and conditions. Many were using 
nozzles which threw a coarse spray that was valueless. The time for 
spraying is as essential as the spraying itself, and I wish that this fact 
could be impressed strongly upon the Idaho growers. One can readily 
see that a spray would do but little good when the maximum of a 
brood are going under bands, compared with a spray when the maxi- 
mum of a brood is hatching from the egg. To secure good results, 
there must be at least three sprayings, and in extremely bad cases it 
is advisable to spray six times. 
If the injury for the previous season was large, I would advise two 
sprayings while the calyx remained open—one immediately after the 
blossoms have fallen and the other in about a week. If, however, the 
injury of the previous season was not large, one spraying from five 
days to a week after the blossoms have fallen may answer. In all 
cases I would advise the two spraying, as it is well to be on the safe 
side. 
It has become one of the best known principles of spraying that 
these first sprayings are the most eflicient, and if it were not for the 
