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number of broods in Idaho these, I believe, would be sufficient. In 
short, the poison is put in the calyx cup, the calyx closes, and when 
the young larva enters the calyx for its first few meals it gets some of 
the poison. As about 60 per cent enter the apple at this point, it is 
very plain that this is the golden opportunity in this combat. Pro- 
fessor Aldrich finds that 41 per cent of the larve entering the calyx 
end are destroyed by this spraying. An insect killed at this time not 
only saves the apple, but reduces the number of the insects of the fol- 
lowing broods. By a single spraying and by banding one prominent 
grower tells me that he can save 50 per cent of his apples.. Many peo- 
ple spray only once a season, and consequently the effect of it is lost 
later in the season. If rains wash off these sprays, they should be 
repeated immediately. 
The next spraying should be done when the second brood is enter- 
ing the fruit. Find the maximum of the preceding brood going under 
the bands and spray about two weeks later. It would probably be 
better to spray a few days earlier than two weeks. A few growers 
watch the increase of spots on the apples. The later sprayings should 
be determined in the same way. Other sprayings can be done with 
profit on account of the overlapping of the broods, but they should 
be made as near the maximum of egg-hatching as possible. In fact, 
late in the season, when the maximum is poorly defined, a spray is 
more or less effective at any time. Last year (1900) the dates, accord- 
ing to band records, for most effective spraying were June 10-15, July 
27, and September 5. No inflexible rule can be given for these dates, 
as each grower has different conditions to meet and seasons vary. 
Each grower must determine these dates for himself. The greater 
number of the growers simply space off the season and spray at 
empirical times, without regard to the stage of the insect, and obtain, as 
a consequence, poor results. 
It has been clearly demonstrated that these few sprayings alone are 
not always sufficient to control the insect. If the sprayings were made 
every week, the insect could be controlled, but this is too expensive. 
The spray is effective only for a short time, and must be supplemented 
by something to take the insects which enter the fruit between the 
sprayings. Banding has been found to be the most efficient in this 
connection. 
Many people object to the use of arsenites for later sprayings on 
account of the liability of poisoning those who eat the fruit. 1 
believe this objection is not well taken, since one would have to eat an 
enormous quantity of apples to be affected. If a large amount of 
poison remained in the bollow around the stem of an apple, there 
might be some danger. I have eaten many apples upon which the 
spray still remained and experienced no evil effects. 
During the growing period of the larve the infested apple may be 
