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picked from the trees and either destroyed or fed to stock. How- 
ever, this method is so expensive in a large orchard that it is out of 
the question. If the people in the towns who have apple trees more 
for shade rather than for the fruit would destroy their apples, they 
would aid materially in reducing the number of the pest, and would 
also eradicate a constant source of infection. 
In the ‘‘ windfalls” there is another chance to attack this insect. 
In many orchards the fallen apples literally cover the ground. Care- 
ful experiments have shown that about 50 per cent of these fallen 
apples contain larve. Many methods may be used in the destruction 
of the windfalls. The best and easiest applied is to allow hogs or 
sheep to run in an orchard. ‘These animals soon become very efficient 
and keep the ground well cleared. In doing this, the grower not only 
gets rid of the apples, but gets his stock fed upon food that would 
otherwise be wasted. Many growers collect the windfalls at stated 
intervals and make cider from them. At best, destruction of the wind- 
falls is only partially effective, but is a useful ally to other methods. 
When the larve are full grown, and after leaving the apples are 
seeking places to spin their cocoons, another point of attack is opened. 
Banding is simply providing a suitable place for the insect larva to 
spin its cocoon. Temporary bands of hay or paper, which are after- 
wards burned with the larve, may be used. Many kinds of perma- 
‘nent bands, which are not destroyed, have been devised, but a piece 
of cloth from + to 8 inches wide, folded lengthwise once, and placed 
around the trees is the most efficient and economical. These bands 
can be made of any thick dark-colored cloth, such as pieces of old 
clothing or burlap. Professor Aldrich recommends brown canton 
flannel. I have seen many bands that were but strips of white mus- 
lin, which did not offer an attractive place for the insect, and thus the 
purpose for which they were put on was defeated. 
It is highly essential that before a band is put on a tree all places 
where the larve could spin up be removed. The rough bark should 
be removed from the tree, and all holes should be filled with either 
mud or mortar. I have obtained twenty larvee from a hole in a tree. 
If a large cavity is present in the tree trunk, bands should be placed 
above and below. 
The bands should be placed around the trunk of the tree from about 
14 feet above the ground. If the tree is large it is best to put a band 
on each of the branches. Two bands on a tree trunk are better than 
one, but if the tree is well scraped and the holes filled I think one 
wide band is sufficient. A convenient and time-saving device for fas- 
tening the bands on, is to drive a small nail into the trunk and cut off 
the head diagonally so as to leave a sharp point. This nail is allowed 
to remain in the tree and the ends of the band are pushed over it. 
' Apparently banding is more efficient in Idaho than in any other 
