138 
and then they began slowly to increase in numbers again. As the 
first eggs of this year were found June 19, this makes the time 
between broods about 54 days. On August 20 it was difficult again — 
to find many unhatched eggs. 
SECOND BROOD OF LARVA. 
The earliest that we have taken mature larvee of this brood at Fort 
Collins is August 3; at Canon City, August 1; at Rockyford, August 6, 
and at Grand Junction, July 23, as determined by the dates at which 
we have first obtained larve that did not pupate till spring. (See 
Table I.) Immediately following these dates the number of such 
larvee rapidly increases until none are found except those which 
remain in the larval state till spring. These last dates, in all our 
observations, have been taken to mark the close of the appearance 
of the first larval brood. The dates we have are, for Grand Junction, 
August 13; for Rockyford, August 20; for Canon City, August 21, 
and for Fort Collins, August 30. (See Table IV.) 
According to our observations this brood passes the winter entirely 
as larve, and begin active pupation at about the time the apple trees 
begin to bloom. 
The pupa stage of this prood usually lasts much longer than that 
of the summer brood. We have often had pupe remain 30 or 40 days 
before the moths emerged, and a considerable longer period has not 
been very unusual. The longest spring pupal stage that we have 
recorded is 68 days, March 7 to May 14, at Grand Junction. 
THE NUMBER OF BROODS. 
While the above data may be weak at some points, I believe it is 
fairly safe to announce that the codling moth is definitely two-brooded _ 
throughout Colorado, with no adequate reasons for postulating a par- 
tial brood to account for the belated larvee that have fallen behind 
the majority in the race. Let us see if the data we have presented 
bear out the conelusions. 
According to our records the entire life history of the summer brood 
is divided into periods about as follows: From egg to larva, 7 days; 
from larva to cocoon stage, 19 days; cocoon stage to emergence of 
moth, 18 days; emerging of moth to middle of egg-laying stage, 5 days 
(estimated)—a total of 49 days, or just 7 weeks. 
The first larvee matured in the apples last year at Fort Collins July 
3, and we began taking larvee that lived over winter August 12—just 
40 days after. At Canon City Dr. Peare took the first larva June 15, 
and the first larva that did not pupate was taken 47 days later—August 
1. Mr. Griffin, at Roekyford, took the first larva of the summer brood 
June 15, and the first that lived over winter without changing, 52 days 
afterwards, August 6. Mr. Smith, at Grand Junction, took the first 
mature larva last year June 10, and the first to live over winter with- 
out pupating, 43 days afterwards, July 23. As the time in each of 
