20 
I might deduce further evidence to support the opinions expressed 
as to the number of broods, but I have already tired you with a long 
address and many records and deductions drawn from them. The 
data referred to are included in the present paper. You may study 
them at your leisure and draw your own conclusions. I only hope 
that at no distant time we may be able to make definite statements 
without much guesswork as to the number of broods of this important 
orchard pest wherever it occurs in this country, and that the obser- 
vations here reported may assist to that end. 
On motion of Dr. Howard, Professor Gillette was voted the thanks 
of the Association for his excellent address. 
A general discussion of the address followed. 
Mr. Ball thought that much could be gained from this paper as a 
lesson upon the magnitude of a complete life-history study, and made 
a general suggestion that the life history of a closely allied species, 
living under natural conditions, could often be used as a check to the 
work on that of an economie species. As an illustration, he cited the 
case of the chinch bug and the false chinch bug, which have been vari- 
ously reported as from one to four-brooded, while closely allied species 
occurring under natural conditions can be easily determined to be 
definitely two-brooded. 
Mr. Howard said the paper was an education upon life-history work, 
but suggested that the statement that the insect was only double- 
brooded in the South as well as the North was somewhat startling, and 
that he was not at all disposed to accept it without further evidence. 
Mr. Scott stated that he had done very little work on this insect, but 
from his general notes it appeared to be three-brooded in Georgia. 
Mr. Cockerell thought that the greatest damage was done to Septem- 
ber apples, while fruit maturing in June was not materially damaged. 
It was almost impossible to grow apples in southern Mexico, while the 
insect did not oceur in Arizona. 
Mr. Hopkins thought that the moth would be governed by the same 
phenological law as that which governed the periodical phenomena of 
plants and other insects—that is (as determined by him in West Vir- 
ginia), an average difference of about 1 day for each one-fourth degree 
of latitude and about the same difference for each 100 feet in altitudé 
The results of observations made by him in June and July, 1901, is 
compared with the caleulated normals for first appearance of larv 
from apples in West Virginia, as follows: 
: Calculated normal 
Locality. Date of observation and result. Latitude.) Altitude. antes : 
| ates. 
ieee as — : = |-— aw = 
x 4 Feet. ‘ P 
Morgantown ...-- July 3,a few had emerged---------.--- 39 45 1, 000 aly 1 (estimated 
ase). 
Gerrardstown....| June 27,a few had emerged ----------- 39 ~=30 400 | June 24. 
Biliinges 2 ao | July 9,a few had emerged -------.---- B38 45 2,000 | July 7. 
Leebell - p22t3| (duly: 10, first emerging 22.20... -2- sees 38 «40 2,200 | July 9. 
Huttonsville ____- | July ll,a few had emerged - SN \ est sie Wat) 2,100 | July 8. 
si Huttons- | July 11,none had emerged ------------ 38 45 2,600 | July 13. 
ville. 
