42 
lower extremity of Kiushu—the large island completing the chain on 
the south. In all some 35 provinces or districts have been visited and 
earefully examined, the points being selected where orchard and nur- 
sery interests were oldest and most important. There remains to be 
explored the north half of the main island (Hurdo) and the northern 
island of Hokaido, the whole of Japan covering a stretch of latitude 
about the equivalent of from Newfoundland to Florida. 
The Japanese Government has taken and is taking the greatest inter- 
est in the investigation, and has sent out with the writer one of the offi- 
cials of the Central Agricultural Experiment Station of Tokio, Mr. 8. 
K. Hori, a capable entomologist of Cornell training, and, further- 
more, has interested the agricultural experiment stations and schools 
and governing authorities in the provinces throughout the Empire in 
the investigation, and extended a multitude of courtesies which it 
would be impossible here to list. 
All scale insects have been studied and collected, and especially 
those of fruit trees and economic plants, and—as far as possible with- 
out interfering with the main object—other injurious insects also. 
This report, however, relates to the San Jose scale exclusively, 
except as it seems desirable to include some facts discovered relating 
tothe peach, plum, cherry, and mulberry scale (Diaspis pentagona), 
the very general occurrence of which in Japan has a very marked 
influence on the role played by the San Jose species. 
To give a correct picture of conditions, some knowledge of Japanese 
fruit-growing must be had. In the first place, this industry as known 
to America is unknown in Japan, except in a few small districts. 
The great mass of the Japanese fruit trees are grown as yard orna- 
ments, or in little garden patches attached to the dwelling houses. 
Every little thatched cottage has its flowering cherry tree and plum 
tree, and very possibly a pear, a peach, a persimmon, and very often 
an orange tree. Sometimes two or three of each sort will be grown, 
and the more pretentious gardens of the wealthier townsmen amount 
to miniature orchards—the different fruit trees and ornamental plants 
being jumbled together in rank confusion. In other words, the pop- 
ular fruit and flowering trees, while universally grown, are in very 
small numbers. 
There are a few orchard districts where numerous patches of from 
one-fourth acre to 3 or 4 acres of fruit trees oceur. These are chiefly 
of the old native pear tree, more or less invaded by replantings of 
American trees or new orchards of the same, some small apple orchards, 
(more extensive in the north, where I have not been) very rarely a 
small peach orchard (only two seen), and in the south small orchards 
(not common) of orange. 
The walnut orchards of the island of Kiushu are the only ones that 
truly compare with orchards in the American sense. 
Growing fruit, and especially the deciduous varieties, amounts to 
little in Japan, but is increasing with the introduction of American 
