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varieties. Her enormous population of 46,000,000 has compelled the 
growth of cereals and other necessities of life wherever possible, and 
among these necessities tea and mulberries must be included, but 
these are grown as hedge plants, or where rice can not be grown very 
often. 
A people too poor to enjoy more than the most meager living, the 
Japanese have not indulged very much in such luxuries as fruits. 
Their love of the beautiful, manifested in a thousand ways, finds 
its most common exemplification in the presence everywhere of flower- 
ing trees (cherries, plums, ete.) where fruit trees might be grown, and 
the conditions briefly described have been characteristic of the coun- 
try for two thousand years—her agriculture being scarcely altered 
from the time of Alexander. 
The distinctively native Diaspine scale of Japan is the Diaspis pen- 
tagona already referred to. It is what we know in America as the 
white peach scale, and which in Italy is the enemy of the mulberry. 
In Japan this seale is found on the flowering cherry and plum, grown 
in every dooryard, in all the parks and temple yards, along roadways 
and along the little strips of soil dividing one rice patch from another, 
and isalmost worshiped in the season of bloom. These trees, cherished 
as nowhere else in the world, attain a great age, and when protected 
by dryness or almost immovable supports, inclosed with fences and 
marked and labeled with imposing stone monuments, become to the 
entomologist valuable records of insect work or the absence of it, of 
one or two hundred years’ standing. The peach—a rough-barked 
scraggy tree in Japan—it infests as arule but slightly. The mulberry 
is often badly attacked, as are also other plants, and notably the Kaido 
a green-barked ornamental tree very commonly grown. 
The reason for believing this scale insect to be undoubtedly native or 
introduced so long ago as to practically amount to this is that it occurs 
everywhere, not only on the main islands, but on the little islands 
also; and, furthermore, in every dooryard and on absolutely every 
eherry and plum tree within the limits of the Japanese Empire. Such 
universal and invariable occurrence I have never witnessed anywhere 
else, nor in the case of any other scale insect. 
Very rarely does it oceur more than seatteringly, so that great 
damage is not often suffered. Chaleidid parasitism does not play so 
important a role in keeping it thusin check. The chief agent in this 
direction is a little twice-stabbed ladybird, which I identify from the 
named collection at the hands of Mr. Nawa, at Gifu, as Chilocorus 
similis Rossi. This little beetle, looking almost exactly like our C. 
bivulnerus, though possibly smaller, is everywhere with the Diaspis, 
feeding as larva or adult on it, and keeping it from often developing 
in large numbers. 
. The San Jose scale, on the other hand, presents a very different 
picture, and is undoubtedly of comparatively recent origin in Japan. 
While oceurring rarely on many plants, it is economically limited 
