45 
more, this fruit as economically cultivated is of recent and purely 
American origin. The native apple of Japan is a crab, grown more 
for ornament than fruit, and a very rare tree, unknown to most 
Japanese. 
The improved varieties of apples now grown here came from Amer- 
ica (California), and the industry is not 30 years old. Much of the 
stock was undoubtedly infested when received, and I am informed 
that the orchards of north Japan have suffered much from this inseet, 
from the start, although the nature of the trouble has not been long 
recognized. Its very general non-ocecurrence in the one or two-hun- 
dred-year-old plum and cherry trees, or those of lesser age grown in 
thousands throughout the Empire, is very significant, especially as it 
attacks both of these trees when carried tothem. It should be remem- 
bered also that Koebele did not find it in Japan at all some ten years 
since. 
It is perfectly patent, therefore, that the San Jose scale came from 
America to Japan on American fruit trees which have been regularly 
imported during the past thirty years, and chiefly from California, 
where the San Jose scale has been longest and worst. Its wide distri- 
bution in Japan has been by the leading nurseries, just as in America. 
It is here that the Diaspis has benefited Japan. The little lady- 
bird enemy of this native scale insect has taken readily to the 
introduced species, and has very materially checked its injuries. As 
already shown, there is not a corner in all Japan where this ladybird 
does not occur with the Diaspis, and wherever the San Jose scale has 
been carried it has found this active and fecund predaceous insect 
ready to devour it, and very rarely does a tree at all badly infested 
long escape discovery and measurable protection. Isolated trees 
may become covered with scale before the beetles find them, or new 
orchards and replanted trees infested with scale will be injured, but 
it does not last long, as a rule. 
The San Jose seale is attacked also by one or two Chaleidid para- 
sites, presumably the ones we have in America and brought to Japan 
with the seales or cosmopolites. (Sent to Dr. Howard for identifica- 
tion. ) 
Further, the San Jose scale, together with other Diaspine seales in 
Japan, is badly attacked very often with what appears to be the same 
orange-colored fungus which we find in our Southern States. The 
climate here is especially favorable for the fungus—moist and sultry 
heat characterizing much of the year. 
So much for the origin and present status of the San Jose scale in 
Japan. It may be of interest to add some notes on one or two allied 
subjects. 
For a long time the Japanese entomologists and some foreign ones, 
notably in Germany, have held that the scale in Japan represented 
a different species, or at least variety, from the American insect. I 
am now able to confirm an older belief of mine that this is not the 
