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case. The Japanese insect is the typical San Jose seale. All the 
features and characters noted in the so-called varieties may be found 
in a single colony together with the typical scale as we know it in 
America. 
I merely mention this misconception here to report a false security 
felt by German importers and officials in letting Japanese plants come 
into Germany and other European countries without cheek until 
within the last twelve months, when Germany included Japan with the 
United States as dangerous sources of plants. 
The dwarf pear and apples, etc., in the chief nursery of Japan are, 
as I have found, all infested with San Jose scale. (The dwarf trees 
are ordinary nursery trees from the nursery rows, starved and cut 
back, and not special varieties.) These have been exported, the pro- 
prietors inform me, to America, to two or three ports in Germany 
(up to twelve months since), and are still sent to England. When 
‘sent to America they are now fumigated, because Mr. Craw has sent 
some lots seale-infested to limbo. Most of the export plants are orna- 
mental plants, pines, maples, etc., but a good many of the quaint 
dwarf fruit trees in flower pots and bearing fruit are also sold and 
shipped abroad. I donot think this need alarm Europeans, for I much 
doubt whether, with the climatic conditions of Europe and with the 
conditions of fruit growing there, the San Jose scale ever will amount 
to much on that continent. 
In connection with the identification of the San Jose scale in Japan, 
I wish to add that Professor Sasaki, the entomologist of the Agricul- 
tural College of the Imperial University, following Professor Cockerell, 
has held that the Japanese scale was distinct from the form occurring 
in America. He also expressed to me the alternative belief—not at 
all compatible with the first, however—that if the same species it 
came to Japan from America on imported stock. 
In the last view he is undoubtedly correct, and I have no doubt 
but that he will give up the former view, which he has hitherto urged 
very strongly. 
His chief anxiety, evidently, was to free Japan from the onus of the 
San Jose scale of America one way or another, and both of his theories 
attained this end. He is therefore well pleased with this report. 
As an economic problem the San Jose scale is not so important for 
Japan. It is widely distributed already, and extermination is out of 
the question, but the natural conditions of climate, character of fruit 
growing, fungous disease, and parasites will probably always keep the 
seale in check. 
Most orchards of pear and apple, etc., are grown as we do grapes, 
on trellises, and the trees are cut back to mere dwarfs, all the branches 
being within easy reach. 
Labor is so cheap that the trees can be given a very thorough naw 
scrubbing every winter, and now in places it is the practice to do this 
