52 
vicinity entirely escaped the accumulations of these bugs; but that all 
served as food plants I am not certain. It is a common insect in the 
State upon beets, and has been reported to me as injuring cabbage 
and cauliflower. 
The usual contact poisons—kerosene emulsion, whale-oil soap, and 
buhach—were used upon the bugs in the ordinary strengths without 
satisfactory results. In fact the most thorough applications would 
hardly kill any of these insects. 
Aspidiotus howardi was first found by the writer some years ago at 
Canon City, Colo., where it was present in injurious numbers upon 
European and American varieties of plum, attacking both twigs and 
fruit. Seattering specimens were also noticed at that time upon 
pears. While the scale has remained in considerable numbers in the 
small plum orchard where it was first found, I have not known of its 
oceurrence in any other locality until the present summer, when I was 
called by the horticultural inspector of Delta County, Mr. H. E. 
Mathews, to go with him to determine what scale was infesting a pear 
orchard in the vicinity of Delta. The scales could be found upon 
nearly all the pear trees in the orchard, attacking both bark and fruit, 
chiefly the latter. There were but few trees upon which the seale 
could be said to be abundant. We visited the orchard June 12, at 
which time young lice were hatching in small numbers. ‘These were 
of the usual yellow color, but the little scale that first forms over them 
is pure white. From that date to August 20, at least, these young lice 
have continued to appear. On raising the scales from the females I 
nearly always found two or three young lice beneath them, and for 
some time thought the scale must be viviparous, but a new lot of the 
scales sent by Mr. Mathews August 17 contained females beneath 
which eggs were found. The eggs apparently hatch very soon after 
they are deposited, as it is usual to find two or three young lice and 
but one or two eggs under a female. Possibly the females are both 
oviparous and viviparous. 
The scales cluster, for the most part, about the blossom end of the 
pears, and where they rest upon the cheek of the fruit they usually 
cause a depression and sometimes a red ring, which is considered to 
be characteristic of perniciosus. In this orchard occasional scales 
were found upon plums also. I have fruit with me with these seales 
upon it that you are at liberty to examine. 
Chermes abietis.—This louse is abundant upon silver spruce in Col- 
orado, especially in high altitudes, causing the cone-like galls at the 
tips of the new growth. The galls are always present in considerable 
numbers in trees of silver spruce upon the college campus at Fort 
Collins. 
Chermes sp.—Two species (possibly one) of Chermes, one infesting 
Douglass spruce and one pine (Pinus ponderosa), are abundant nearly 
every year in the northern portion of the State, at least about Fort 
