65 
of the surrounding shrubs. The tree above described is only one of 
a number which show an attack of this character in one stage or 
another. The condition about Albany is rather serious because many 
of the nicest trees in the rather small groves of white pine are dying 
from the effects of the work of this insect and of its allies. At Manor, 
Long Island, the hard pines covering an area of approximately 60 
square miles were largely killed through the ageney of bark-borers, 
and I am inelined to believe that species of Tomicus have consider- 
able to do with the matter. Tomicus cacographus Lee. and. T. pini 
Say were frequently associated with their larger relatives and in some 
instances may be the first to attack a tree. This opinion is further 
strengthened by the fact that Tomicus balsameus Lee. undoubtedly 
kills many balsam trees in the Adirondacks. I have found this spe- 
cies working in immense numbers in the entire length of the trunk of 
large balsams. The top of one tree examined had browned some, but 
the lower limbs were apparently unaffected at the time it was cut and 
inspected. Adults of this beetle were found throughout the tree run- 
ning transverse galleries in green tissues, eggs had been deposited in 
many instances and larvee of various sizes and even pupz were found. 
A very interesting case of complete girdling was discovered. Two 
beetles, starting from the point of entrance on a green limb about an 
inch in diameter, worked in opposite directions around the limb, and 
when the specimen was cut, their burrows had overlapped each other 
by half an inch. 
Monohammus displaysin New York State a great readiness to attack 
diseased or dying trees, and I have noted a number of cases where 
grubs belonging to this genus and also Buprestid larvee were working 
in pines which appeared to have suffered no greater injury from other 
causes than a slight lowering of vitality incident to drought or other 
unfavorable conditions. These larvee, though working in consider- 
able numbers in living tissues, did not as a rule cause much exuda- 
tion of sap. Dr. Packard records in Bulletin 7 of the United States 
Entomological Commission, page 220, his belief that members of this 
genus may kill balsam or fir trees, and from what I have seen in the 
vicinity of Albany, it would appear that this may also be true of pines. . 
Adults of Monohammus confusor Kirby were taken in considerable 
numbers on one white pine, and it is presumable that. most of the 
(arvee found in infested trees belong to this species. One example of 
Monohammus titillator Fabr., one of M. scutellatus Say, and one of 
Xylotrechus sagutatus Germ. were also taken on the same tree. 
Elm leaf-beetlé (Galerucella luteola Miill).—This imported species 
continues to be a serious enemy of European elms in Albany, Troy, and 
vicinity. The depredations of this pest have been so severe as to lead 
to the maintenance and operation of two power-spraying outfits by 
the municipality of Albany. Two are also in operation by a private 
party in Troy, where they are kept busy throughout the spraying sea- 
11823—No. 31—-01 i) 
