67 
locality and necessitate their removal. The work of this pest at 
Buffalo was brought to my notice by Mr. M. F. Adams, of that city, and 
through his kindness I have been able to secure good examples of the 
insects’ work in ash and to observe its operations in oaks. This spe- 
cies also occurs on Long Island. All the examples of its work seen 
by me show that the full grown caterpillars prefer to run their bur- 
rows at some depth in the wood, and that as a rule they run so close 
to and communicate so freely with each other as to destroy the value 
of infested trees for timber. This insect also causes large unsightly 
wounds wherever its burrows come near the surface. Caterpillars 
about to pupate frequently take refuge in these channeled wounds, 
from which the pup work themselves partly out before the disclosure 
of the imago. The eggs are probably deposited in any available 
erevice, where they adhere to the bark rather firmly. A piece of root 
which had been bored by the willow eureculio (Cryptorhynchus lapathi 
Linn.) was lying in a breeding cage and a female Prionoxystus 
embraced the opportunity to deposit six or seven eggs well within the 
burrow. 
Apparently the females do not hesitate to oviposit before the 
appearance of males. Some eggs which were found in the office 
hatched, possibly without being fertilized, but it was impossible to 
prove this latter point. Dissection of a well-distended female, which 
probably had deposited no eggs, showed that she contained 269 well- 
formed ova and 133 which were partly developed, making a total 
of 402. 
The small Lecaniwm nigrofasciatum Perg. has proved a rather seri- 
ous enemy to soft maples in Albany. This scale insect has been so 
abundant on some small trees as to nearly cover the under surface of 
the limbs, and so much honeydew was exuded that the walks beneath 
were kept moist. The severe drain on the trees prevented much 
growth and resulted in the killing of a number of the smaller limbs. 
Badly infested twigs have a marked sour-semiputrid odor, due in all 
probability to the decomposition of the honeydew. Young began to 
appear in Albany about June 14, and by July 15 they were about 0.5 
mm. long and were thickly set on the smaller twigs. 
Pseudococcus aceris Geoff.—This comparatively rare species was 
observed in immense numbers on the bark of a hard maple at Albany, 
N. Y., August 6. The male cocoons were present in thousands, and 
in places formed large white masses on the trunk, giving a tree the 
appearance of being affected by a fungus. Some immature individu- 
als were wandering over the masses of the male cocoons. The leaves 
were also badly affected. The cottony remains of adults were abun- 
dant, and here and there old females were still producing young, as a 
number of very small individuals were observed, and partly grown 
ones were assembled on the under surface of the leaf in long rows on 
both sides of the principal veins. There is a marked subacid, not 
