96 
that the spread of the insect has been chiefly along water courses and 
to a less extent along the main lines of railway. 
The severe injury by the beetle in the larger cities of the Connecti- 
cut Valley several years ago led to the introduction of municipal 
spraying operations. The original methods of work have been im- 
proved until they are now very effective. The chief reliance is placed 
upon a thorough spraying with some form ‘of arsenate of lead as soon 
as the foliage develops. It has been found most practical in large 
operations to use several powerful hand outfits, carrying two lines of 
hose, rather than to employ one or two steam outifits. The greater 
number of outfits permits the thorough treatment of the trees in an 
entire city as soon as the foliage has developed, and thus the beetle 
is not permitted to damage the trees in one part of a city while 
spraying is being carried on in another section. The work of the 
Springfield city forester, William F. Gale, has been particularly weil 
carried out, and has served as a model for similar operations in other 
municipalities. 
While the beetle, as a rule, has but a single brood throughout the 
State, a well-defined second brood occurs on Cape Cod and a partial 
second brood in the Connecticut Valley. In neither locality has this 
latter brood caused damage worthy of note. 
Willows and poplars throughout the State are becoming more and 
more subject to attack by the imported weevil (Cryptorhynchus— 
lapathi Linn.). This insect seems also to have followed the water 
courses while spreading through the State, although the transporta- 
tion of nursery stock is responsible for a large part of its journeyings. 
Nearly all our nurseries are more or less infested with this weevil, 
whose life history the writer has worked out in detail. Late in the 
summer, after feeding for some weeks on the petioles and young shoots, 
the beetles drill small holes into the bark beneath leaf scars or other 
irregularities and in them deposit the eggs singly. The holes are 
then carefully filled with bark dust. The eggs hatch in a short time, 
and the young grubs feed in the bark for a few weeks and then enter 
hibernation. At this time the grubs may be detected easily, as their 
presence is revealed by the black outlines of their burrows, which are 
plainly visible on the bark. With the advent of spring the weevil 
enters the sapwood and grows rapidly to maturity. When full grown 
the grub returns down the burrow, enlarging it toa uniform diameter, 
then ascends to the upper end, prepares a tight chamber, and trans- 
forms. The beetles commence to emerge in June. There is quite a 
variation in the time of emergence, those insects breeding in young 
shoots emerging first, while those feeding in the older wood appar- 
ently require a longer time for their development. While the insects 
as a rule hibernate as young larvee, individuals in all stages of growth 
are sometimes found in winter in the heartwood of old trees. 
In Germany this weevil is known chiefly asa pest of the basket willow 
