40 
two species belong in one genus. Sir G. F. Hampson in his Fauna of British India 
(Moths, Vol. IT, p. 259), mentions this species as Caradrina exigua Hbn., giving a 
rather long list of synonyms, of which Caradrina flavimaculata Hary. is one. He 
mentions it in Fauna Hawaiiensis (Vol. I, pt. 2, Macrolepidoptera, p. 153) as Spodop- 
tera exigua Hbn., again giving flavimaculata Hary. as a synonym. In Staudinger 
and Rebel’s ‘‘Catalog der Lepidopteren,’’ published in 1901 (p. 195), the species is 
referred back to the genus Caradrina, with remarks on synonomy and distribution. 
DISTRIBUTION. 
There can be no doubt that the beet army worm has been introduced, 
probably originally on the Pacific coast, and has thence made its way 
eastward to eastern Colorado and New Mexico. With the possible 
exception of two army worms, the common army worm ard the fall 
army worm (both of which may have been introduced originally many 
years ago from South and Central America), all of the cutworms which 
are most destructive and assume the army-worm habit in seasons of 
unusual abundance are of foreign origin. There are no species posi- 
tively known to be native which migrate in numbers. 
In accepting the opinion of European authorities, Meyrick, Stau- 
dinger, and Rebel, as to the identity of this insect with the European 
Caradrina (Spodoptera) exigua Hbn., we must also adopt the credited 
distribution which shows it to be truly cosmopolitan. Its range thus 
includes middle and southern Europe, England and its near-by insular 
possessions, Borkum, Mauritius, Madeira, Canary Islands, Africa, Asia 
Minor, Syria, Armenia, Japan, China (4), India, Australia, and the 
Hawaiian Islands. 
Harvey described this species in 1876 from material from Oregon 
and California (Can. Ent., Vol. VIII, p. 54). So far as the writer is 
aware, however, it has never occasioned injury on the Pacific coast, 
which is not a little singular, considering the fact that its favorite 
food plant, sugar beet, is extensively cultivated in portions of Cali- 
fornia, and that the insect was doubtless introduced there even before 
1876. As to its origin, nothing appears to have been surmised. It is 
doubtless like so many pests, oriental, and perhaps came from India 
or Australia by way of Hawaii to California. 
From present knowledge of its distribution it is obviously capable 
of flourishing in both the Lower and Upper Austral life zones, and 
of doing injury even in the Transition, but it may be that it agrees 
with its congener, the fall army worm, in being better adapted to the 
Lower Austral zone. 
A single specimen was captured in northern Sonora, Mexico (Biol. 
Centr.-Amer. Lepidoptera Heterocera, Vol. 1, 1900, p. 280). 
We have little definite information regarding the region of North 
America which this species inhabits. The list of localities includes 
Oregon; Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and other points in California; 
Fort Collins, Palisades, Delta, Grand Junction, and Montrose, Colo. ; 
