10 
Insects upon the bark of trunk or branches—Continued. 
Ina case or bag hanging from twigs |: /-- 92-222 +2 ec see ee eee ee Bagworm. 
Clusters of eggs on bark -.------- Cankerworms, tussock moth, and gipsy moth. 
A belt of egesairound twigs 25-22 22s5- Sse ee Apple-tree tent caterpillar. 
Single small blackish eggs often in groups on twigs or branches. - -- - - Plant-lice. 
Smaller reddishteces: +20: 22 ote ose can es eee aoe ee Clover mite. 
Insects beneath the bark: 
Tiny holes usually near a crotch, each covered by a bit of frass ...-...-.- Peach 
twig-borer. 
Small brown beetle within the twig. ............------------/ A pple twig-borer. 
Small holes in bark of trunk or larger branches... ~~~ --- Fruit-tree bark-beetle. 
A gummy exudation of sap at base of tree ....-:..--.2.-.-2-- Peach tree-borer. 
Discolored spots or cracks and evidences of frass......------ Round-headed and 
flat-headed apple tree-borers, and sinuate pear borer. 
TABULAR STATEMENT OF INSECTS FEEDING ON THE BUDS AND 
YOUNG LEAVES IN EARLY SPRING. 
Feeding on the buds or young shoots. .-. Bud worm, peach twig-borer, leaf-crampler, 
brown-tail moth, pistol-case and cigar-case hearers. 
Feeding upon the leaves: 
Plantlicer tee st ee Apple plant-lice, plum plant-louse, and cherry aphis. 
Gaterpillarstintents =. ---25-< eee eee Apple-tree tent caterpillar. 
Mainyscatenpillarse = 22-.o2-5° =22e Tussock moth, brown-tail moth, gipsy moth. 
Bane caterpillars: 9 2-5 5205 ae hs Sars te af teeny oe eee Canker worms. 
A-blister-onigall upon: leavegis 2.7ica/ ise ee Hae ee; Bee Pear-leaf blister-mite. 
Small caterpillars within little cases. -.--..-- Pistol-case bearer, cigar-case bearer, 
leaf-crumpler, and bagworm. 
b) oD 
HEMIPTERA (BUGS, SCALE INSECTS, AND PLANT-LICE). 
The members of this order obtain their food (which is liquid) by 
sucking it up aslender tube into the mouth cavity. This tube or 
beak is composed of several needle-like pieces so shaped and arranged 
that they inclose a minute channel up which the liquid food is drawn. 
The beak is inserted in the plant often to some distance beneath the 
surface. The members of this order do not pass through a pupal or 
chrysalis stage like the butterflies and moths, but there is an approach 
to it in the males of the scale insects. The insects of this order to be 
treated are arranged in four families, which may be separated, for 
our purposes, as follows: 
The insect from above apparently without legs, antennze, or wings, and fixed to the 
host plant; the adult male (not often seen) usually has two wings. -.-.-.- Coccide. 
(scale insects) . 
The insect shows distinct legs and antennee, and often four wings. 
Most of the specimens wingless, and provided with two small tubes or cornicles 
(see fig. 16) near tip of body; not hopping when disturbed --.--..-.: A phididee 
{plant-lice). 
Adult always winged, without the cornicles; hopping when disturbed. 
The prothorax not enlarged, with hyaline wings. .....----------- Psyllidee. 
The prothorax greatly enlarged; wings obscured.......--.---- Membracidie. 
