38 
the case remaining attached to the tree all winter. In May the young 
hatch, and at once start to make little cases for themselves, which they 
enlarge as they grow. When ready to pupate, the caterpillar fastens 
its case to a twig and transforms to the chrysalis. The male moth 
appears in August. There is but one brood a year. 
OTHER CATERPILLARS. 
On the apple tree in winter one may find several other caterpillars 
in various stages of development. One of them, the pistol-case bearer 
( Coleophora malivorella Riley), is a small larva with a 
dark head. It carries with it a case the tip of which is 
curved over, the whole about one-eighth inch long. It 
feeds on the buds and leaves in spring. In the fall it 
fastens itself securely to the twig, and thus passes the 
winter in an immature condition. 
Another is the cigar-case bearer (Coleophora fletcherella 
Fern.). It has a life history similar to the preceding, 
but its case is straight, not curved. 
Fic. 34—Larva Both feed on the pear and quince. 
pelea Small, elongate, white, ribbed 
* ~ cocoons, nearly one-fourth of an 
inch long, often in clusters, are sometimes 
seen on apple bark in winter. They indicate 
the presence of the apple-leaf bucculatrix 
(B. pomifoliclla Clem.). In spring the tiny, 
delicate moths issue from the cases. The larvee 
mine the leaves. There are two broods an- 
nually. 
Small, inconspicuous cases, covered with 
particles of dirt and bark, are, at times, found 
on the bark of the apple and pear. These con- 
tain the half-grown larva of the bud-moth 
(Timetocera ocellana Sehif., fis. 34 and 3D). 
In spring the larva feeds on the buds and yg, 35.—work of bud-moth 
young leaves, webbing the leaves in a bunch _ larve in opening twigs. 
J ; an i ee ‘ pes (Slingerland. ) 
or nest. They pupate within this nest. The 
moth issues in July, and is a grayish insect with a creamy white patch 
on each fore-wing. During the summer the young larvee partially 
skeletonize the leaves, feeding beneath a thin silken web. As winter 
approaches they migrate to the twigs and form their hibernating cases. 
There is but one brood a year. 
COLEOPTERA (BEETLES, WEEVILS). 
Beetles are easily known by the hard, coriaceous fore-wings that 
cover and protect the back of the abdomen. Both in the larval and 
the mature conditions they have biting mouth-parts, and injury is 
