40 
a little, and then pupate. Winter is passed in this condition, and in 
June the beetles cut e¢rcular holes in the bark and escape. It thus 
takes three years to reach maturity. This borer also infests pear and 
quince, but not so frequently as the apple. 
THE FLAT-HEADED APPLE-TREE BORER. 
( Chrysobothris femorata Fab.—tig. 37.) 
Discolored spots like those caused by the round-headed borer may 
indicate the presence of this insect. They are, however, often found 
farther up the trunk, and even on 
the larger branches. The adult is 
a dark, metallic beetle, rather flat, 
and about one-half inch in length. 
The female deposits her eggs in 
crevices of the bark on the south 
side of the tree, usually during 
June and July, but sometimes 
later. They apparently prefer 
trees that are weak or dying, but 
¥1G.37.—Chrysobothris femorata: a,larya;b,beetle; 21So attack healthy ones. The 
¢, head of male; d, pupa, enlarged. (Chitten- young larva upon hatching eats 
scan through the bark and bores be- 
neath the surface, leaving a flattened burrow filled with its frass. 
Sometimes, when more mature, they bore deeper into the sapwood. 
The full-grown larva is nearly an inch in length, pale yellowish in 
color, with the segment next to the head greatly enlarged and flattened. 
In the spring it bores out nearly through 
the bark, then moves back a little and 
pupates. In about three weeks the beetle 
cuts an elliptical hole in the bark and 
escapes. There is one brood each year. 
It attacks apple, pear, cherry, plum, and 
quince, ; 
THE SINUATE PEAR BORER: 
(Agrilus sinuatus Oliv.—figs. 38 and 39.) 
The larva of this insect bores long, sinu- 
ate galleries beneath the bark and sapwood — Fic. 38.—Agrilus sinuatus: a, larva; 
of pear, killing the wood and causing the b beetle; pupa, enlarged. (Origi- 
bark above to crack. The elongate bronzy 
beetle makes its appearance in May or early June, and lays its eggs 
in crevices of the bark. The slender, whitish larva burrows beneath 
the bark, always downward. In the fall the larva becomes dormant, 
and is then about 1 inch long, quite flat, whitish or yellowish in color, 
