DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS INTO ORDERS. ]9 



2. Hexapod insects subject to metamorphosis, having an active 

 pupa, in which the rudimental wings and wing-covers are exposed. 

 (Bugs, Grasshoppers, Dragonflies, Mayflies.) 



3. Hexapod insects undergoing metamorphosis, in which the 

 pupa state is quiescent, either liaving tlie Hnibs enclosed in distinct 

 cases (Beetles, Bees, Wasps, <S:c., and part of the orders Neuroptera 

 and Diptera), or covered in an entire case (Butterflies, Moths). 



4. Hexapod insects undergoing metamorphosis, the pupa state 

 having neither motion nor wings, but enclosed in an ovate case (most 

 two-winged flies and some other insects, whose transformations were 

 not clearly understood by Swammerdam). 



Various other classifications of insects, from the nature of their 

 metamorphosis, have been from time to time proposed by different 

 authors, amongst which it will be sufficient to notice the two follow- 

 ing : first, that of Lamarck, in which insects are divided from the 

 structure of the pupa as follows : — 



1. Those having an inactive pupa (^Chrysalis), enclosed and entirely 

 concealed in an opake covering. 



(1. a.) Chrysalis signata. Lepidoptera and some Diptera. 



(1. b.) Chrysalis dolioloides. Diptera (coarctata.) 



2. Those having an inactive pupa (Mttmia), covered by a thin skin, 

 through which the limbs of the insect are discernible. 



r Coleoptera. 



(2. a.) Mumia coarctata - - 1 tt 



^ ^ t Hymenoptera. 



(2. b.) Mumia pseudonympha - Neuroptera in part. 



Orthoptera. 



3. Those having an active pupa (Nympha) -| Hemiptera. 



Neuroptera in part. 



{ 



The other proposed metamorphotic system is that given by Mr. 

 Newman in an ingenious treatise published in the 9th Number of the 

 Entomological Magazine, in which winged insects are divided as 

 follows : — 



Amorj)ha, in which the penultimate state is provided neither with 

 mouth nor organs of locomotion ; consequently it neither eats nor 

 moves ; neither does it bear any resemblance to the perfect state. 

 Lepidoptera, Diptera. 



Necromorjjha, in which the penultimate state is provided with 

 mouth and organs of locomotion detached from the body ; but so 



c 2 



