24 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 



A. Without icings, eyes generally simple. 

 a. Without metamorphoses. 

 Orel. 1. Thysanoura (Spring-tailed Insects). Mouth vvitli jaws, 



tail forked. 

 Ord. 2. Pakasita (Lice). Mouth with a rostrum, tail simple. 



b. Metammphoses. (Pupa incomplete.) 

 Ord. 3. Sipiionaptera (Fleas). 



B. With ivings, eyes facetted, and occasionally also with ocelli. 

 a. {Elytroptera.~) Wings two, covered by two horny or coriaceous 



icing covers. 

 * Mouth with four jaws. 

 Ord. 4. Coleoptera (Beetles). Wing-covers horny. (Pupa incom- 

 plete.) 

 Ord. 5. Dermaptera (Earwigs). Wing-covers horny. (Pupa semi- 

 complete.) 

 Ord. 6. Orthqptera (Locusts, &c.). Wing-covers horny. (Pupa 

 semicomplete.) 



** Mouth , an articulated proboscis, enclosing setce. 

 Ord. 7. Hemiptera (Bugs and Cicadas, &c.). (Pupa semicomplete.) 



b. Gymnoptera. Wings four, or two naked. 

 * Wings four. \ With four jaws. 

 Ord. 8. Neuroptera (Dragonflies, &c.). Wings reticulated. (Me- 

 tamorphoses various.) 

 Ord. 9. Hymenoptera (Bees, &c.). Wings veined. (Pupa incom- 

 plete.) 

 -j-f With a spiral tongue between two palpi. 

 Ord. 10. Lepidoptera (Butterflies). Wings powdery. (Pupa ob- 

 tecta.) 



** Wings tivo. 

 Ord. IL Rhipiptera (Bee-parasites, &c.). Balancers, two in front of 



wings. 

 Ord. 12. Diptera (Flies). Balancers, two behind the wings. 



There are, however, various objections to this system, which it will 

 be seen has for its primary character the variation of the wings ; 

 thus, for instance, whilst the semiconiplete-metamorphosed Orthop- 

 tera and Hemiptera were brought into contact, the mandibulated Neu- 

 roptera were se^jarated from the Orthoptera, to which they are so 



