142 



MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 



Fig. 11. 

 ,1 / 13 ,^.,s^Ti1:~-T-.^ n 



nearly straight horns on the terminal segment. Tlie same author has 

 also described and figured the larva of Strongylus (Nitidula) ferru- 

 ginea {fig. 11. 2.), which materially differs from those above described, 

 being cylindrical, wrinkled, clothed with short hairs, the legs mo- 

 derately long, and the abdomen obtuse at the extremity. It is found 

 in autumn and winter in Lycoperdon bovista {fig- 11.3. anterior 

 tarsus of its imago). 



The genus Byturus (^fig. 11. 5. B. tomentosus) in its habit of fre- 

 quenting flowers, and in the bilobed form of the third and minute size 

 of the fourth joints of the tarsus, approaches the Nitidulida?, from 

 which, however, it recedes in several important particulars. It is 

 placed in the family Engidas by Stephens. Bouche describes its larva 

 as cylindrical, depressed in front ; antennae conical, 4-jointed ; and the 

 abdomen as terminated above by two brown curved points, and beneath 

 with a cylindrical tubercle employed as a proleg. It feeds in June 

 and July on the fruit of the raspberry, and is called in German " him- 

 beermade," or the raspberry maggot. Kirby and Spence also state 

 (Intro, i. 197.) that the perfect insect eats through the footstalk of 

 the blossom of the same plant, so as sometimes to prove fatal to an 

 entire crop. Dr. Hammerschmidt (De Insectis AgriculturcE dmnnosis, 

 S)^c. Vienna, 1832, tab. 3.) has figured this insect with its larva feeding 

 on the raspberry. The latter is represented in my Jig. 11. 4., cor- 

 responding with Bouche's description. The pupa is very pilose. 



The typical species of this family are very nearly allied to the 

 genus Ips in the following group; indeed the structure of the 

 mouth is very similar, whence by some authors the latter genus has 

 been introduced into the present family. The general appearance of 

 the insects, however, and the decided affinity of Ips to Cerylon, Ne- 



