200 



MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 



Pelidnota and Areoda ; the two circles touching one another at the 

 families Dynastidae and Anoplognathidae^ which are intimately con- 

 nected, by means of Dasygnathus and Amblyterus, in the following 

 manner : — 



These ten families are well represented by the ten following species : 

 — Geotrupes stercorarius, Scarabteus sacer, Aphodius Fossor, Trox 

 sabulosus, Oryctes nasicornis, Rutela lineola, Cetonia aurata, Amphi- 

 coma hirta, Melolontha brunnea, and Anoplognathus ; and Mr. Mac- 

 Leay has taken this occasion to observe how necessary to the ento- 

 mologist is the study of exotic insects, as five of the above-named 

 species do not inhabit this country. Latreille, profiting by the re- 

 searches of Mr. MacLeay, considerably modified his former views, dis- 

 tribviting the Petalocera, for which he advantageously retained the 

 name of Scarabaeides, in the following manner, in his FcmiiUes Natu- 

 relles : — 



I. Coprophagi. — Antennre 8 or 9-jointed ; labrum, mandibles, and maxilla?, mem- 



branous. [Aphodiida; and Scarabaida?. ] 



II. Antennje 10 or 11 -jointed. 



1. Mandibles corneous. 



A. Arenicolce. — Mandibles and labrum exposed ; anus covered by the elytra. 



[Geotrupidre and Trogida;.] 



B. Mandibles and labrum concealed ; anus uncovered. 



a. Labium concealed by the mentuni. 



* Xijhphili. — Antenna; 10-jointed; mandibles laterally exposed; 

 maxillce various. [Dynastida? and Rutelidie.] 



** PhijUopharii. — Antenna; 8 to 10-jointed ; mandibles bidden by 

 the clypeus and maxillas ; club of antenna; sometimes 7 or 

 5-jointed. [ Anoplognathidre and Melolonthidce.] 



h. Anthobii. — Labium produced; mandibles corneous; maxillary lobe 

 mem,branous. [ Glaphyrida.] 



2. Melitojjhili. — Mandibles membranous. [Cetoniidte. ] 



Here we find a portion only of the ground Scarabsei regarded as 

 forming a section of equivalent rank with the entire remainder of the 



