366 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 



and flat, and the prothorax broad, with the remaining segments gradu- 

 ally narrowed. There is no mention made of the thoracic legs. Go?dart 

 has also figured the different states of a large Saperda (No. 106.), 

 the larva of which feeds in the oak, and which has been regarded as 

 Saperda Carcharias. It is elongated, subdepressed, and fleshy, and 

 with the head and anterior segments broadest ; it is terminated by a 

 broad, rounded, swollen joint. It underwent its change to the pupa in 

 November, and the imago appeared in the following January. Ratze- 

 burg has also figured Saperda Carcharias, Populnea, and linearis in 

 their different states. {Forst-Insecten, pi. xvi.) Mr. Stephens has 

 reared the Agaphanta Cardui, from a larva found in an Aspen, near 

 Cambridge, and which had the instinct, previously to assuming the pupa 

 state, to gnaw its way nearly through the cork of the bottle in which 

 it was placed, so as to secure its escape on arrival at the imago state. 



The larvffi of the genus Callidium are similar to those of Aromia 

 (the musk beetle) both in form and habits. The places where they 

 reside may be known by the long cylindrical burrows which they 

 form, and which are filled with excrement resembling powdered 

 wood. It is not difficult to keep these larvte alive in the wood in 

 which they are found, and in which they assume the pupa state ; it 

 is very rarely, however, that they can be reared to the imago state. 



Mr. Kirby has given an interesting account of the proceedings of 

 the larva of Callid. violaceum (^Linn. Trans., vol. v.), which, in the 

 larva state, feeds principally upon fir timber, upon which the bark 

 has been suffered to remain after it has been felled ; residing under 

 the bark, mining its labyrinth-like passages in every direction, and 

 occasioning much damage by means of its powerful jaws, which 

 resemble a large, thick, and solid section of a cone of horn; the whole 

 of their interior flattened surfaces applied together, so as completely 

 to grind the food. It is described as being destitute of feet, pale, 

 folded, somewhat hairy, convex above, and divided into thirteen 

 segments, with the head large and convex. When full grown, it 

 bores down obliquely into the solid wood to the depth of several inches, 

 where it becomes a pupa. (See, also. Arboretum Britannicttm, p.214'2.) 

 Another species, Callid. Bajulum, is of frequent occurrence, and feeds, 

 in the larva state, in old dry posts, rails, &c., and being very injurious 

 to the rafters of houses, which it bores through in every direction, 

 although coated with lead, through the covering of which the larva?, 

 as I am informed by Mr. Stephens, bored numerous circular holes. 



