ORTIIOPTERA. 409 



the other. In Cerberodon Periy, the left mandible is dispropor- 

 tionately produced into a long and curved point, far exceeding the 

 other mandible in length. The lower parts of the mouth arise close 

 to the point of union between the head and prothorax ; the maxillae 

 are often horny, strongly elbowed near the base, the basal portion 

 being transverse; the stipes of the maxillae is elongated, and the two 

 terminal lobes very distinct ; the outer lobe (galea) is more or less 

 dilated, with a short joint at the base, hollowed on its inner margin, 

 thus serving as a shield for the inner lobe, which is long, acute, and 

 armed with two or three teeth. The mentum is large and transverse, 

 and narrowed in front ; the labium large and coriaceous, and divided 

 into four lobes, of which the external pair are so large, and bear so 

 much analogy to the galeated portion of the maxillae, as to lead to 

 the conclusion that the labium and its appendages are, in fact, an ad- 

 ditional pair of maxillae, soldered together. The tongue (lingua) is 

 also here greatly developed, constituting a large and separate organ, 

 occupying the middle of the mouth, being fleshy, channelled above, 

 and rounded at the extremity. The thorax is analogous as to its con- 

 struction with that of the Coleoptera ; the prothorax being large, and 

 offering traces on its upper side, in some species (Locusta), of the 

 four divisions of which the thoracic segments are typically composed. 

 The meso- and metathorax are closely united together, the front of 

 the former being defended by the posterior part of the pronotum*; 

 the mesothoracic scutellura is not prominent ; the anterior wings, or 

 tegmina, are of a texture which Mr. Kirby has termed pergameneous 

 (somewhat like parchment) ; they are strongly and thickly veined, 

 and generally cover the posterior wings ; their position is various in 

 the different families ; in some being horizontal, in others deflexed 

 (roof-shaped), and in some partly deflexed, and partly horizontal 

 (crickets). In some species, the fore wings are alone present (Phyl- 

 lium 5 ), in some others the hind wings are developed, whilst the fore 

 wings arc greatly reduced in size (many Phasmidae) ; and, indeed, in 

 one species (Aschiphasma hieroglyphica W.')\., the fore wings are 



* In some species of Acrytllum (Tetrix Zair. ), Ilyperhomala viresccns Bdv ,&c., 

 the protliorax is greatly developed, extending over the whole abdomen. 



f Perlamorpha hieroglyphica Curtis, Gray ; Aschiphasma annulipes JJ'estiv. Zool. 

 Journ. The hybrid nature of the former generic name will permit the retention of 

 mine, which was published subseipiently to Gray's Si/)iop/.li, owing to the great delay 

 which occurred in the publication of the last Number of the Zool. Journal. 



