ORTHOPTEUA. PHASMlDjE. 435 



antennae. It is tenacious of life. It occurs in the imago state 

 throughout the year; coupHng in May and June. The female de- 

 posits twenty- two eggs from September to Novembei*. These eggs 

 are oval, and greatly resemble a leguminous seed, having numerous 

 scattered impressed dots, and an elongated lateral chain-like spot. 

 The operculum at one end is distinct, and impressed like a honey- 

 comb. The eggs are retained a long time in the ovipositor at the 

 extremity of the abdomen before they are relinquished by the parent 

 insect, which rejects them without any attention : according to StoU, 

 the eggs are deposited in the earth like those of the locusts. The 

 egg state continues from seventy-nine to one hundred days ; the larva 

 is hatched from May to August. The young larva has all the ap- 

 pearance of the imago, but differs in its colours. After throwing off 

 its first exuvia;, it grows rapidly until the horns of the head appear. 

 If it lose a leg by violence, this is reproduced, but of a smaller size, on 

 the next moulting. The pupa scarcely differs in any respect from 

 the imago. 



Various additional instances of the growth of legs, when acci- 

 dentally broken off, are given by Gray {Mag. Nat. Hist., N. S., vol. i. 

 p. 144.), and by Brulle {Hist. Nat. Ins. vol. ix. p. 84.). 



The eggs of the Phasmidae are of large size, and the operculum 

 at the end is separated from the rest of the egg by a smooth edge, 

 which it exactly fits {fig. 53. ll., egQ of Ph. cornutum Guilding). 

 The sides of the egg are ornamented with various sinuous lines, which, 

 in Phasma dilatatum (Parkinson, Linn. Trans, vol. iv, pi. 18.), form 

 a 4-rayed star. The egg of Aschiphasma hieroglyphica resembles a 

 small flat cherry-stone, having a double ridge running round it. 



In the larva state {fig- 53. 12., larva of Ph. cornutum Guilding) 

 these insects are distinguished by shorter, thicker legs, and by being 

 destitute of wings, in which respect they much resemble the wingless 

 species in the last state. The latter are, however, ordinarily to be 

 known by the harder appearance of their integuments. The pupaj in 

 the winged species have the rudimental wing-covers and wings short, 

 and closely applied to the .surfiice of the base of the abdomen {fig. 53.9., 

 front of body of ^ pupa of Phyllium siccifolium). In their final state 

 the wings are fully developed, as well as the ocelli, where present ; and 

 the legs are of a more slender and longer form. These insects are 

 exclusively exotic, three species only being found in the south of 

 Europe, and three in North America ; upwards of forty have been 



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