ORTHOPTERA. SALTATORIA. 437 



The fourth section, Saltatoria *, corresponds with the Linnaean 

 genus Gryllus, and consists of all those species which have the four 

 anterior legs simple and short, and the two hind legs long and formed 

 for leaping. For this purpose the femora are greatly thickened, so as 

 internally to afford support to the strong muscles by which the leap 

 is effected ; the posterior edge of the thigh is channelled, so as to 

 receive the tibia when at rest ; the upper or posterior surface of the 

 latter being generally strongly spined, and furnished at the tip with 

 robust spurs, which assist greatly in effecting the leap of the insect, by 

 offering resistance against the substance on which the insect is 

 stationed. The body is generally compressed ; the tarsi vary in the 

 number of their joints, as well as the antennae, which are also greatly 

 variable in length, being in some species several times longer than the 

 body. The males are enabled to make a peculiar chirruping noise, 

 which is produced in different manners in the different groups, being 

 in some (Locusta) caused by the friction of the posterior femora 

 against the wing-covers, and in the others by the friction of the 

 strong veins enclosing a talc-like spot or crepitaculum, at the base of the 

 wing-covers. In the latter species, the anterior tibiae are provided at 

 the base with a pair of oval foramina closed by membrane (Guilding, 

 Linn. Trans, vol. 15., On the Crepitaculum and Foramina of some 

 Orthopterous Insects). The females ordinarily deposit their eggs, by the 

 assistance of a (generally exserted) horny ovipositor, in the earth ; and 

 the species are almost exclusively herbivorous. 



There has been much confusion and difference of opinion as to the 



* BiBLioGR. Refer, to the Saltatorial Orthoptera in general. 



LlnncBus. Surinamensia Grylliana. 4to. Upsal, 1748. Amacn. Acad. t. i. 



Collinsoii. De Gryllis America Septentr. Phil. Trans, vol. liv. ^ 



Thunberg. Pneumora in Swed. Trans. 1115 ; and N. Sp. of ditto in ditto, 1810. 

 Ditto. Descriptio Acridii, Nov. Act. Upsal, vol. vii. Ditto on Truxalis, in 

 ditto, vol. ix. 1827. Ditto. Hemipt. Maxill. Genera, in IVIem. Acad. St. Pe- 

 tersljurg, torn. v. Ditto. Grylli Monogr. Illiist. in ditto, torn. ix. 1824 (con- 

 taining 106 species, of which 66 are new). 



Jiembold. Ilistorisch und Ph. Tract, von Ileuschreckcn, 8vo. Eerl. Lcipz. 1730, 

 Ipl. 



Kirhy, On Nomenclature of Gryllina (Zool. .Tourn. vol. i. and vol. ii. ) 



Servilles Revision of the Order above referred to. 



Panzer, Rosel, Stoll, Palisot Beaiivois, Druri/, Donovan, De Geer, Fitbriciiia, Pert// 

 (Del. An. art. Bras.). 



FF 3 



