PUYLLOSPONGIA. 117 



Phyllospongia foliascens, auct. 



Carteriospongia radiata, N. de Polejaeff, " Report on the Keratosa," Report on 

 the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. ' Challenger,' vol. xi. 

 part xxxi. pp. 67, 68 (1884). 

 Carteriospongia otahitica, A. Hyatt, " Revision of the North- American Poriferro : 

 Part II.," Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. ii. 

 p. 541 (1877). 

 Carteriospongia otaliitiea, N. de Polejaeff, I. c. p. 69. 

 Carteriospongia vermifera, A. Hyatt, Z. c. pp. 542, 543. 



Carierispongia Jissurata, S. O. Ridley, "Spongiida" : Report on the Zoological 

 Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H.M.S. 

 • Alert,' p. 386 (1884). 

 Carierispongia lameUosa, S. 0. Ridley, I. c. p. 386. 

 Carterispongia otahitica, S. 0. Ridley, I. c. pp. 385, 595. 



Halispongia stellifera, J. S. Bovrerbank, " Contribution to a General History 

 of the Spongiadc-e.— Part IV.," Proceedings of the Zoological Society of 

 London, p. 298(1874). 

 Halispongia ventriculoides, J. S. Bowerbank, Z. c. p. 301. 

 Spongia elegans &c., Carolas Clusius, Exoticorum libri decern, lib. vi. cap. 11, 



p. 123, Antverpia) (1605). 

 Spongia Jissurata, J. de Lamarck, " Sur les Polypiers empates," Annales du 



Museum d'histoire naturelle, torn. xx. p. 382 (1813), 

 Spongia foliascens, P. S. Pallas, Elenchus Zoophytorum, Hagse, p. 395 (1766). 

 Spongia foliata aspera &c., J. Petiver, Petrigraphia Americana (1712). 

 Spongia infundibuliformis, J. Petiver, Z. c. 

 Spongia infundibidiformis &c., J. Everard Rumphius, Amboynsche Rariteyt- 



kamer, Amsterdam, vi. p. 254 (1741). 

 Spongia lameUosa, E. Ehlers, Die Esper'schen Spougien in der zoologischen 



Sammlung der k. Universitiit Erlangen, p. 15 (1870). 

 Spongia lameUosa, E. J. Esper, Die Pflanzenthiere, Theil ii. p. 270 (1794). 

 Spongia otahitica, J. S. Bowerbank, Z. c. p. 303. 

 Spongia otahitica, E. J. Esper, I. c. Theil I., p. 209. 

 Spongia otahitica, J. de Lamarck, I. c. p. 382. 



Cup-shaped or flabelliform, erect sponges, attached by a short and slencier 

 peduncle, which is generally simple, constricted near the centre, and expanded 

 below to form a disk, by means of which it is attached. Sometimes the 

 peduncle is divided below into three or four root-like parts. The lamellar 

 upper part varies very much in shape : the simplest form is an irregularly fan- 

 shaped circular lamella, which extends in one plane ; the upper margin is 

 generally irregular, often drawn out to form lobes of varying shape. Such 



