PLATE IV. 
No.1.—The Small Cabbage-White Butterfly (Pieris No. 6.—The Green-veined White Butterfly (Pieris 
Rape). Napi). 
No. 2.—The Female of the Small Cabbage-White No. 7.—The Female of the Green-veined White 
Butterfly. Butterfly. 
No. 3.—The Under side of the Small Cabbage-White No. 8.—Under side of the Green-veined White 
Butterfly. Butterfly. 
No. 4.—The Caterpillar of the Small Cabbage-White No. 9.—The Caterpillar of the Green-veined White 
Butterfly, Butterfly. 
No 5.—The Chrysalis of the Small Cabbage-White No. 10.—The Chrysalis of the Green-veined Whito 
Butterfly. Butterfly). 
Pieris RAp# (the small Cabbage-White, Nos. 1 to 5) is frequently mistaken by those 
unlearned in the natural history of Butterflies for the young of the larger species, P. Brassice ; 
and at the first glance there appears a great similarity between them. On a closer examination, 
however, it will be observed that there are several distinguishing characteristics, altogether inde- 
pendent of size. In the first place, the males have generally a more or less distinct black spot 
in the centre of the fore wings, which is never found in the larger kind, while the two black 
spots of the female, (No. 2), are more conspicuous, and in that sex the wings, on the upper 
surface, are often thickly powdered with gray, so as to give them a much more dusky appear- 
ance. The underside (shown at No. 3) exhibits the hind wings of a darker buff, and much 
more thickly powdered with brown than in the large kind. I have seen specimens with 
the buff of the underside of the hind wings very much darker than in the specimen represented 
at No. 3, and others with-a strong shade of dusky green running up the veins or nervures ; 
the specimens of the last-named kind being, I believe, hybrids between P. Rape and P. Napi. 
The Caterpillar, (No. 4) appears both in the spring and autumn, there being two broods 
annually. The chrysalis, (No. 5) is found attached to branches or some other support, in a 
similar manner to that of the larger species, and if produced in the autumn it remains in the 
pupa state throughout the winter, the perfect insect appearing early in the spring. The chrysa- 
lides resulting from the spring brood of Caterpillars only remain in that state from eight to 
sixteen days before the perfect insect is produced. 
The most marked distinction to be found between this and the larger species is, however, to 
be sought in the preparatory or Caterpillar stage, in which it is perfectly distinct, as will be 
seen on reference to the representation No. 4, Plate IV., as compared with No. 3, Plate III. 
The Caterpillar of P. Rape feeds on several kinds of cruciferous plants, especially the common 
Rape, from which its specific name is derived ; and also the wild Mignonette, and many exotic 
plants now naturalised in our gardens, especially the Zropawolum majus, commonly known as the 
Nasturtium. 
This species varies very remarkably in its markings, some of the males being entirely with- 
out the white spot in the centre of the fore wings, while others are found in which the whole of 
the upper surface of the wings are of a dusky gray; and there are many intermediate varieties. 
