10 THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 
have also been obtained. Some have imagined that one of the old names of this insect ‘the 
Bath White,’ was given on account of the first British specimen having been taken near that 
city, but Lewin clearly states that it was from a piece of needlework executed at Bath, copied 
from an insect, which was only said to have been taken in that neighbourhood ; it was most 
probably a continental specimen. 
The genus Luchloe is distinguished from Pieris by the more rounded form of the wings, and 
their less robust character ; also by the distribution of the nervures, and some minute distine- 
tions in the palpi. It differs more strikingly in the preparatory stages, the Caterpillars being 
much more slender, and the Chrysalis of the distinct form termed boat-shaped ; being equally 
pointed at both ends, very hard and stiff, and entirely without the usual segmental joints. It 
is slung with the head downwards. The name is derived from the Greek words ew (ev) very, 
and chloe (Aon) green, in allusion to the remarkable green mottling of the underside of the 
hind wings. There is only one British species. 
Euchloe Cardamines is one of our prettiest species ; the fore wings of the male (No. 6) are 
beautifully marked with a broad patch of orange, extending from the tip to near the centre. 
The female (No. 7) is without these conspicuous marks of orange, but has the black spot in the 
centre of the anterior wings rather larger ; in other respects the markings are the same as those 
of the male ; the remarkable green mottlings of the underside of the hind wings (as shown at 
No. 8) being equally strong in both sexes. The Caterpillar (No. 9) feeds in preference upon 
the Curdamine impatiens, or Turritis glabra, to which its singular Chrysalis is generally attached, 
as shown at No. 10. The perfect insect appears in May, but specimens are frequently seen as 
late as the end of July. 
This pretty insect is very apt to vary in its markings, female specimens having been taken 
with an orange mark on the under side of the fore wings ; others with the black spot nearly, if 
not entirely absent ; while in others an additional black spot appears in the hind wings. 
The genus Leucophasia. The insects assigned to this genus bear such remarkable affinity to 
those included in Luchloc, that for the sake of not multiplying generic names they might have 
been conveniently classed with that genus. The rounded form of the anterior wings, and the 
form and colouring of the Caterpillars, as well as the boat-shaped Chrysalis, marks at once their 
close relationship. Distinctions of a very well defined character nevertheless exist, such as the 
remarkably short discoidal cell in the nervures of the wings in Leucophasia, from which the 
branching nervures are consequently of unusual length, and rather peculiar in their distribution ; 
while the Chrysalis, though of similar form to that of Z. Curdamines, is not so much bent in the 
middle, and has the segments enclosing the abdomen moveable. The proportions of the Cater- 
pillar are rather shorter and thicker than those of H. Cardumines, but the body of the perfect 
insect is more slender and long. 
Leucophasia Sinapis (the Wood White, No. 11) is a very local though not a rare insect. The 
female, (No. 12) is generally, though not always, without the broad blackish mark at the ex- 
tremity of the fore wings. The colouring of the under side, which differs slightly from the 
upper, is shown at No. 13. The Caterpillar (No. 14) feeds upon Vicia cracca, and also upon 
several of the common species of Lotus found in woods. The Chrysalis (No. 15) is suspended 
in a similar manner to that of EL. Cardamines, and the perfect insect appears in May. There is 
also a second brood which appears in August. This pretty insect may be at once recognised by 
its slow and undulating flight, and from its preference of the shaded glades of woods rather than 
the open sunshine. It has been taken in plenty in the Kentish woods near Pembury, and in 
similar situations in the neighbourhood of Teignmouth, Stowmarket, and Worcester. It is pro- 
bable, therefore, that it will be found in many other sheltered woody localities. It seems, how- 
ever, only to make its appearance in certain situations periodically, as its capture is once recorded 
by Mr. Stainton in great abundance at Lyndhurst, though not usually occurring there. 
