PLATE VII. 
No. 1.—The Grayling Butterfly (Hipparchia Semele). No, 10.—The Chrysalis of the Meadow Brown 
No. 2.—The Female of the Grayling Butterfly. Butterfly. 
No. 3.—The Under side of the Grayling Butterfly. No. 11.—The Gate Keeper Butterfly (Hipparchia 
No. 4.—The Caterpillar of the Grayling Butterfly. Tithonus). 
No. 5.—The Chrysalis of the Grayling Butterfly. No. 12.—The Female of the Gate Keeper Butterfly. 
No. 6.—The Meadow Brown Butterfly (Hipparchia No. 13.—The Under side of the Gate Keeper Butter- 
Janira). fly. 
No. 7.—The Female of the Meadow Brown Butterfly. No. 14.—The Caterpillar of the Gate Keeper Butter- 
No. 8.—The Under side of the Meadow Brown fly. 
Butterfly. No. 15.—The Chrysalis of the Gate Keeper Butter. 
No. 9.—The Caterpillar of the Meadow Brown fly. 
Butterfly. 
THE genus Hipparchia is distinguished from the preceding one by the smoothness of the 
eyes, which are entirely free from the clothing of hair which distinguishes the Lasiommate. It 
is also distinguished by the thickening of the nervures at the base of the fore wings. The 
hinder pair of wings are denticulated at the fringed edge. The antenne are slender in all the 
species, but varying considerably in the size and obtuseness of the club. The front pair of legs 
are smaller than the others, and unfitted for walking, but distinctly visible in both sexes ; those 
of the males being more clothed with hair than those of the females; the tarsal portion being 
simple in the males, but articulate in the females. The larve are attenuated at each extremity, 
the tail being slightly forked. One species undergoes the change to the chrysalis stage in the 
ground, forming a cocoon of particles of earth and silken web, In the other kinds the Chrysa- 
lids are suspended by the tail to blades of grass, &e. There are three British species, Semele, 
Janira, and Tithonus. 
Hipparchia Semele (the Grayling, No. 1) is by far the largest of the genus, frequently 
measuring two inches and a-half across the expanded wings. The markings of this handsome 
insect vary very considerably, both in size and intensity ; the light markings in the male (No. 1) 
being sometimes so much darker than in ordinary specimens as to be scarcely distinguishable 
from the ground colour. In the female (No. 2) these marks, as well as the black circlets or 
ocelli, are always much larger and more conspicuous than in the males. The under side of the 
Grayling (No. 3) is very elegantly varied, both in the tone and in the character of the markings, 
the hind wings being of a soft gray tone, beautifully marbled with delicate streaky pencillings of 
a deeper colour. The Caterpillar (No. 4) appears early in the Spring, and feeds on several 
kinds of our common grasses, and according to M. Marloy’s account, in the Annals of the Entomo- 
logical Society of France, retires into the earth to undergo its change, where it forms an earthen 
cocoon. In my Plate I have represented the Chrysalis (No. 5) suspended to a blade of grass, 
according to the habits of others of the species, as I have never seen a chrysalis of the species 
while still clothed with its cocoon. I have no doubt, however, that M. Marloy is correct in his 
statement. Those who wish to rear this species from the larva stage should (in localities where 
the insect abounds) seek the Caterpillars at night, with a lamp, as they are night feeders, con- 
cealing themselves in the daytime, either in the ground or about the roots of the grasses on 
