GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 33 
Kast Indian islands. ‘They are wholly missing from Australia and are conspic uously 
restricted in Africa. Only 2 species occur in 1 the latter continent, and it is possible 
that one of these was introduced by man, since it inhabits also the south of Europe. 
Additional remarks on the distribution of the family will be found under the head 
of Emydidz, on a subsequent page. Unless the genus Gyremys belongs really to 
the Emydidz, the known members of the family appeared at about ihe same time 
EQUATOR 
Fic. 13.—Map showing geographical distribution of the Emydidz. 
in America and Europe, in the Lower Eocene. It is remarkable that no members of 
the group were able to find their way into Africa with the Testudinidz, for the latter 
were establisht there by the time of the Upper Eocene. 
The Emydide that occur in South America are all, without doubt, descendants 
of those that entered that continent at a rather late period from North America. 
This was probably during the Phocene. Only 4 species are known. Of these 1 
belongs to Trachemys, represented by several species in North America, and 3 to 
Nisei, a genus occurring also in eastern and southern Asia. Nucorra, however, 
xy 
aN 
Fic. 14—Map showing geographical distribution of the Testudinide. 
does not appear to be greatly different from Echmatemys of the Bridger beds, yet 
distinct; and it is wholly probable that both Asia and South America received their 
stock from our own country. The distribution of these turtles resembles that of the 
tapirs. North America possesses at least 25 species of Emydide. 
In fig. 14 we have a map representing the distribution of the Testudinide, at 
present, or at least within historic times. It will be observed that North America, 
which during the Tertiary was probably everywhere, except in the coldest parts, 
