EMYDID&. 343 
The epiplastrals occupy 44 mm. of the midline; the hyoplastrals, 125 mm.; the hypoplas- 
trals, 120 mm.; the xiphiplastrals, 8 mm. At the junction of the hyoplastrals and hypoplas- 
trals, at the midline, the thickness is 17 mm. 
Measured on the midline the gulars are 57 mm. tong; the humerals, 40 mm.; the pectorals, 
73 mm.; the abdominals, 115 mm.; the femorals, 70 mm.; the anals, 52 mm.; both the gulars 
and the pectorals encroach on the entoplastron. 
In many respects this species resembles E. wyomingensts of the Bridger beds. It is, how- 
ever, improbable that the latter species continued on into the Uinta epoch. Furthermore, 
differences are presented, notably in the greater width of most of the vertebral scutes. 
Genus PALASOTHECA Cope. 
Species small, with thick and solid bones. A dorsal keel present. Scutal sulci deeply 
imprest. The epiplastral lip projecting and the inguinal buttress probably ascending above the 
borders of the fifth and sixth costals. 
Type: Paleotheca polycypha Cope. 
This hardly definable genus was establisht by Cope to contain his species polycypha 
and P. terrestris. These he afterwards referred to Emys. As there is neither evidence nor 
probability that the species belong to Emys as now understood, the species must be removed 
to some other genus. It 1s possible that they belong in Echmatemys, but of this there is little 
evidence. They are very imperfectly known species; and as the genus Paleotheca has been 
already establisht for them, it seems that no confusion or inconvenience will be produced in 
retaining them there until more is ascertained regarding their structure and relationships. 
Cope suspected that these small turtles might be the young of species already described 
from adult remains, but he concluded that they had too many fercuies of maturity to be merely 
young animals. Cope thought also that they showed relationships with the modern genera 
T errape ne (Cistudo) and Te ides but there appears to be little probability of this. 
Unfortunately the types of both the species here described are extremely fragmentary. 
Paleotheca polycypha Cope. 
Paleotheca polycypha, Corr, Palxont. Bull., No. 1, 1872, p. 463; Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., x11, 1873 
p- 463. - 
Emys polycyphus, Core, Sixth Ann. Report U.S. Geol. Surv. Terrs., 1872 (1873), p. 625, 629. 
Emys polycypha, Corr, Vert. Tert. Form. West, 1884, pp. 129, 131, plate xviii, figs. 20- 
; 
22, 
The type of the present species is in the U. 5. National Museum and bears the catalog 
number 4097. The species was based on very meager materials and only a portion of this was 
figured. The remains were found in the Bridger beds, but the exact locality and level were not 
communicated. 
The following is Cope’s description: 
This species of tortoise 1s indicated by vertebral, costal, and marginal bones of very small indi- 
viduals. “hese bones are, however, not only thoroughly ossifed, but are very stout, indicating the adult 
age of the animal. The deeply impressed scutal sutures, and heavy proportions, as well as the elevated 
carina of the carapace, indicate affinity with Crstudo, or , perhaps, Testudo. As a generic character, 
it may be noted that the vertebral bones are subqu: dente. and support the neural canal without 
intervening lamina. 
The carina of the carapace is abruptly interrupted at intervals; sometimes with, sometimes with- 
out, a pair of pits, one on each side. The marginal bones are well secured and the scutal sutures are 
deeply impressed on them. 
Measurements. 
Meter. 
Length of vertebral bone. -. 0,009 
Width of vertebral bone 0085 
Length of marginal bone ol 
This is the least of the tortoises of the Bridger formation. 
‘The measurements given above of the neural (vertebral bone) apply to neither of those 
feured by Cope. The original of his fig. 20 represents a neural 8 mm. long and 8 mm. wide. 
