360 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
Cope, split into a number of genera. The type of Terrapene is T. carolina, and is extremely 
variable. Three fossil species have been described by Cope—T. eurypygia, T.marnochi, and 
T. anguillulata—but the latter appears to be identical with J. eurypygra. They all belong to 
Pie ctocene deposits. Another species, 7. putnami, was described by Hay from supposed 
Pliocene of Alifia River, Florida. 
The shell of Terrapene is usually nearly as broad as long, but that of 7. major is less than 
three-fourths as broad as long. It is sometimes high and vaulted, but occasionally, as in T. 
ornata, it is rather deprest. 
Nothing is known regarding the origin of the genus. It appears not improbable that it 
has been deriv ed from Ee ys, of Sohich Emys orbicularis of Europe is the type. Of Emys there 
ics. 457 AND 458.—Terrapene ornata. }. Specimen in A. M.N. H. 
457- Carapace. 458. Plastron. 
is also an American species, £. blanding:, an inhabitant of the northern United States and 
Canada as far westward as Wisconsin. In Emys there is a transverse hinge between the hyo- 
plastrals and the hypoplastrals, less perfect than in Terrapene, and the lobes thus formed are 
somewhat movable on the carapace. It would require no great modifications of the shell and 
skull of Emys to transform it into Terrapene. Emys is found’ in Pleistocene deposits of various 
parts of Europe, and it is probable that the genus had its origin there, and that it migrated 
thence to North America. Doubtless, Terrapene was developt in North America. 
Fig. 457 is a representation of the carapace of Terrapene ornata; while fig. 458 represents 
the plastron. The species now inhabits Kansas. 
Key to Fossi, Spectes oF TERRAPENE. 
A‘. Plastron very thick, the thickness of the hypoplastron being nearly one-third its length. . putnamz 
A*. Plastron much thinner. 
a’. Plastron with flat hinder lobe, its free border sic eae at end of femoro-anal sulcus. 
Middle of back flat transversely. ...... sis oo... marnochi 
a’. Plastron with hinder lobe convex, the free houiles not emarginate. Middle of back 
Concave. transversely secssetes 2 ecraje spre set desks cts een cote, cite eueneneeee .... canaliculata 
a®. Closely related to T. carolina. Werebral, scutes ane: he fifth in contact with the 
tenth marginal. ; : eurypygia 
Terrapene putnami Hay. 
Plate 56, figs. 7, 8; text-figs. 459-462. 
Terrapene putnam, Hay, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xx11, 1906, p. 30, figs. 4-7. 
The present species is based on a single hypoplastral bone which was placed by Professor 
F. W. Putnam, then of the American Museum of Natural History, in the hands of the writer 
