386 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
presents itself in Stylemys, viz., a bifurcate penultimate suprapygal. The nearest approach to 
this is seen in Kac huga ( Boulenger, Cat. Chelonians, p. 53, fig. 16). 
The epiplastral lip of Stylemys does not project forward beyond the general border of the 
plastron, as it does in most of the species of Testudo; yet the epiplastral bones are thickened 
anteriorly on the upper side in a manner similar to that found in Testudo. 
The geological duration of the genus, so far as known, is from the lower Oreodon beds of 
the White River deposits to the John Day Miocene. The writer has not been able to find any 
records of the finding of specimens of the genus in the Titanotherium beds. It is remarkable 
that the genus Hadrianus should disappear in the Uinta deposits, while Stylemys and T estudo 
should appear immediately afterwards in the White River beds. 
The writer has elsewhere (Amer. Geologist, XXXV, 1905, p. 342) exprest the opinion that 
the living North American species included under the name Gopherus (Xerobates Agassiz) 
have descended, not from Hadrianus, but rather trom Stylemys. This opinion is based 
principally on the fact that the species of both groups have a longitudinal ridge along the 
midline of the triturating surface of the upper jaw. This idea requires the confirmation to be 
obtained only in the discov ery of more complete skeletons. 
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF STYLEMYS. 
1. Shell nearly as broad aslong. Seldom an octagonal neural present. Pectoral scute, on 
midline, three-tenths width of abdominals; free borders of hinder peripherals acute... nebrascensrs 
2. Shell nearly as broad as long. Second neural octagonal, third quadrangular; pectoral 
~ 
scutes one-fifth width of abdominals; hinder peripherals obtuse . . ae capax 
3. Shell more elongate; neurals as in capax; peripherals more as in nebrascens:s. cons pecta 
4. Not wellknown. Third neural 4-sided; anterior lobe truncated in front calaverensis 
Stylemys nebrascensis Leidy. 
Plate 59, figs. 2-4; plate 62, figs. 1, 2; text-figs. 486-496. 
Stylemys nebrascensis, Lewy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1851, p. 172; Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. 
Wyoming, ete., 1870 (1871), p. 366; Contrib. Ext. Fauna West. Terrs., 1873, p. 224.—Core, Trans. 
Amer. Philos. Soc., X1v, p. 124, plate vii, figs. 10-12; Vert. Tert. Form. West, 1884, p. 769; Contrib. 
Canad. Palont., 11, 18g1, p. 5 —LypeEKKER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 94.—Hay, Bibliog. 
and Cat. Foss. Vert. N. A., 1902, p. 450; Ann. Carnegie Mus., 1v, 1906 (1907), p. 19, figs. g-11. 
Emys hemispherica, Leipy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1851, p. 173; 6th Ann. Rept. Smithson. 
Inst., 1851 (1852), p. 65. 
Testudo lata, Leipy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1851, p. 173; 6th Ann. Rept. Smithson. Inst. 1851 
(1852), p. 65; Owen’s Rept. on Geol. Surv. Wis., lowa, and Minn., 1852, p. 572; Ancient Fauna 
Nebraska, in Smithson. Contrib. Knowl., v1, 1854, art. vii, pp. 110, 115, plate xxiii, figs. 1, 2, plate 
xxiv, fg. 1.—Maack, Paleontogr., xvii, 1869, p. 246. 
Emys owent, Leipy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v, 1851, p. 327. 
Emys culbertsonit, Leipy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v1, 1852, p. 
Testudo hems pherica, Letpy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, v1, p- ee Owens’ Rept. on Geol. Surv. 
Wis., lowa, and Minn., 1852, p- 570, plate xu, figs. 1, 2; ApecEE Fauna Neb. 1854, pp. 105, 115, 
plate xx, figs. 1, 2, plate xxiv, fig. 3.—WunckLer, Arch. Mus. Teyler, 11, 1869, p. 146, plates 
XXXI-XXxI1.—Maack, Paleontogr., xvi, 1869, p. 245. 
Testudo nebrascensis, Leiwy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v1, 1852, p. 59; Owen’s Rept. on Geol. Surv. 
Wis., lowa, and Minn., 1852, p. 567, plate xiia, figs. 1, 2; Ancient Fauna Neb., pp. 103, 115, plate 
xix, figs. 1-3; Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2), vit, 1869, p. 26 (Testudo, or Stylemys neb.); Contrib. 
Ext. Fauna West. Terrs., 1873, p. 339, plate xix, figs. 7, 9, 1o—Maack, Paleontogr., xvi, 1869, 
p. 245—Marsu, Amer. Jour. Sci., (2), L, 1870, p. 292.—Zitrer, K. A., Handbuch Paleont., 11, 
1880, P- 54°, hg. 5or. 
Testudo owent, Leipy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., v1, 1852, p. 59; Owen’s Rept. on Geol. Surv. 
Wis., lowa, and Minn., 1852, p. 568, plate xii, figs. 3, 4; Ancient Fauna Neb., 1854, pp. 106, 115, 
plate xxi, figs. 1, 2, plate xxiv, fig. 4—Maack, Paleontogr., xvii, 1869, p. 245. 
Testudo culbertsoni1, Letpy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ae 1852, p. 59; Owen’s Rept. on Geol. Surv. 
Wis., lowa, and Minn., 1852, pp. 569, plate xu, figs. 1,2; Ancient Fauna Neb., 1854, pp. 108, 115, 
plate xxu, figs., 1, 2, plate xxiv, fig. 2—Maack, rene xvul, 1869, p. 246.—HABERLANDT, 
Jahrb. k. k. Reichsanst., xxv, 1876, p. 243. 
Emys nebrascensis, Letpy, 6th Ann. Rept. Smithson. Inst., 1851 (1852), p. 65. 
Emys lata, Lerpy, 6th Ann. Rept. Smithson. Inst., 1851 (1852), p. 65 
Stylemys culbertsonit, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., x1v, 1869, p. 124. 
