390 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
No. 1571 of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, furnishes a nearly complete skull of a small 
individual (text-fgs. 488, 489, 490). This etal is accompanied by enough of the shell to 
establish clearly the species. The remains were collected in 1905, by Mr. ‘Earl Douglass, of 
the Carnegie Museum, in the Oreodon beds of the Little Badlands, southwest of Dickiacon’ 
Stark County, North Dakota. So far as the parts presented by this skull and that belonging 
to Princeton University are common, they agree closely. The length of the skull, from the 
snout to the occipital condyle, is 38 mm.; the width at the qu uadrates, 30 mm. The hinder 
border of the postorbital bar is equally distant from the occipital condyle and the snout. The 
bar just mentioned is 5 mm. wide; the zygomatic bar 1s slightly wider. The interorbital 
space is 10.5 mm. wide. The antero-posterior diameter of the orbit is 11 mm.; the vertical, 
gmm. The longest diameter of the auditory chamber is g mm. The pterygoid region is 10 
mm. wide. ayn pedicel of the quadrate is unusually narrow, only 4 mm. from side to side. 
The palate is deeply excavated, and a low sharp ridge runs along the middle of it. Most 
of the lower jaw is firmly held in its natural position, but the remoy Al of the tip exposes a low 
median ridge along the palatal part of the symphysis of the premaxilla. It is evident therefore 
that the larger skal described above is correctly identified. 
Few satisfactory specimens of the bones constituting the shoulder-girdle of adult individ- 
uals have been secured. In the American Museum these bones belonging to a young animal 
(No. 699, from South Dakota) are present. The scapula is slender and makes an angle of about 
120 degrees with the procoracoid process. The coracoid broadens greatly toward the free end. 
No figure of the humerus has hitherto been publisht. Professor Cope (Ext. Bat., Rept, 
Aves N. A., 1869, plate vil, figs. 12, 12a) presents a figure which is explained as being that of 
the humerus of this species; but the figure is that of the femur. The humerus of the specimen 
mentioned above, No. 699 of the American Museum, shows that the bone had nearly the form 
that it has in G. polyphemus, but it is bent slightly more than in the species just named. Other 
larger but imperfect specimens confirm this ene on Fig. 491 is taken from one of these, 
No. 7oo, American Museum, but a portion of the shaft is missing. This specimen was found 
with the shell. Figure 492 1s a view taken from the proximal end, to show the head and the 
radial and ulnar processes. The ulnar process does not rise so much above the head as in 
Testudo radiata. The angle between the processes is reduced as in J estudo and is thus different 
from the condition found in the Emydidaw. The ectepicondylar foramen is close to the distal 
end of the bone. 
The Amerian Museum of Natural History possesses the left forearm and some foot bones 
of a large specimen believed to be of this species, No. 702, collected by the museum’s expedition 
of 1892, i in South Dakota. A drawing (fig. 493) 1s presented of the ulna, radius, intermedium, 
radiale, the ulnare, the fourth distal carpal, and another (fg. 494) of a digit, including one claw 
phalange. The limb is stouter than it 1s in any of the species of 7 estudo at hand, but resembles 
them closely. The proximal end of the ulna is broad, and forms a prominent olecranon process. 
The distal ends of both radius and ulna are flat for articulation with the carpals. The radius 
forms a prominent styloid process. The terminal phalanges are much larger relatively than 
they are 1n most species of T estudo, but approach nearest those of Gopherus polyphemus. They 
differ from the latter in not being so broad and sharp-edged. From the materials at hand it 
can not be determined whether eer were two or three phalanges i in the median toes; but no 
elongate phalanges are present. 
There are at hand the ilium and a portion of the pubis of a specimen, No. 1301, from Old 
Woman's Creek, Wyoming (fig. 495). On comparison with the corresponding bones of 
Testudo vaga, no differences of importance are observed, except that the flat process extending 
backward from the upper end of the ihum is directed slightly inward, instead of outw oat 
Cope furnisht a figure of a small portion of the pelvis (Ext. Batrach, Rept., Aves N. A., plate 
vil, fig. 11). 
The femur ts like that of Testudo vaga, except that the pit between the trochanters is not 
so deep. Cope’s figure of this bone has been referred to in the description of the humerus. 
No. 1301, A. M. N. H., furnishes this bone from the left side (fig. 496). It is shown two-thirds 
the size of nature in fg. 496. It resembles closely the corresponding bone of Gopherus pol y- 
phemus but the lower articular surface is more deeply grooved and there is a distinct and 
sharp ridge separating the tibial from the fbular surface. 
