416 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
the humeri is missing the length of the bone can not be accurately determined, but it must 
have been close to g5 mm. The head and the radial and the ulnar tuberosities do not differ 
in any important degree from those of living species of Testudo. At the distal end the radial 
fossa is deeper than in any species of Testudo at hand. The radial border is reduced to a 
sharp edge and this is perforated by the ectepicondylar foramen. 
The individual No. 1327 furnishes a nearly complete pelvis (figs. 544, 545), no part being 
unrepresented except the proximal ends of the ilia and the processes extending backward 
from the ischia. In general, the pelvis resembles closely that of G. polyphemus. Measured 
from side to side at the upper border of the acetabula, the width was about 120 mm.; from 
Sgt “545. 
Fics. 540-547.—T estudo vaga. X}. No. 1327 A. M.N. H. 
540. Fourth to eighth cervical vertebra. 544. Pelvis, seen from below. 
541. Left scapula, showing glenoid fossa and articulating sur- 545- Pelvis, left side. 1/, lium; isch, ischium; pub, pubis. 
face for coracoid. 546. Right femur, dorsal surface. 
542. Left coracoid. 547- Right femur, tibial border. 
543- Right humerus. Probably too great space between parts. 
the hinder border of the ischium to the front of the pubis the distance is about 58 mm. The 
ium had a total length of approximately 70 mm. Its upper end was expanded, and its 
posterior plate-like process of bone is directed outward. In this respect it resembles the 
species of Testudo at hand. 
The ischium measured 50 mm. from the center of the acetabulum to the midline. From 
the median suture the hinder border runs directly outward until the processes are reacht on 
which the ischia rest in contact with the plastron. These appear to have had their median 
edge about 17 mm. from the midline, and to have been about 13 mm. wide. There appears to 
be much variation among the various species of Testudo in respect to the position of these 
processes. In G. polyphemus and T. radiata they are placed far outward toward the acetabula; 
in 7. tabulata, they are much nearer together. 
The angle made by the symphysis of the ischia with the symphysis of the pubis, measured 
on the upper surfaces of the bones, is very large, about 120°, being greatly like that of 
T. radiata. In Gopherus polyphemus it is not much more than go°. From the point of articu- 
