~~ 
TESTUDINID. 427 
tail armor are larger than on the right side, altho they diminish in size outward. All these have 
a smooth and flat surface, which is undoubtedly the exterior. At the extreme left border (fg. 
560, B) appears a large pyramidal bone, with an approximately square base. No doubt this 
represents a spur such as is seen on the hinder side of the thighs of many living species of 
Testudo. The letter C of fig. 560 points to the corresponding spur of right side. 
On the right side of the figure the bones are seen to be rough and pitted, and the surface 
is very convex. This is, double the inner surface, which line become exposed by a flap of 
the skin of the thigh falling inside out over the skin nearer the tail. The spur of this side is seen 
below this layer of bones. A portion of the tail nearer its base is present, and this bears on its 
upper surface a layer of dermal bones in their natural position. 
No portions of the anterior limbs are present. 
A second specimen (plate 74) of this species was found in the same beds and same locality 
in 1g01 by Dr. F. B. Loomis, of Amherst College. This specimen now bears the number 
5870 of the American Museum. At the time of its entombment this specimen was doubtless 
559- 560. 
Fics. 559 AND 560.—Testudo oshorniana. Right hind leg and tail of type. 3. 
559- Right hind leg. astc, astragalo-calcaneum; fib, fibula; mta. 3, mta. 4, third and fourth metatarsals; t1b, tibia; 
I, II, 111, IV, the first to fourth digits; 2, 3, 4, 5, tarsal bones of the second row. 
560. Armor of bones in the skin around and onthe tail. 44, extremities of the transverse processes of the last caudal 
vertebra; B, left lateral spur; C, right lateral spur. 
uninjured, but thru the weathering of the matrix within a short time before its discovery, 
the region of the left hind leg was exposed and this limb is now missing, as well as a part of 
the carapace near it. The terminal phalanges of the left forefoot also are wanting. 
It appears probable that this individual perisht while hibernating. The head is with- 
drawn within the shell, so that the tip of the snout is at a distance of g5 mm. from the anterior 
border of the carapace. The mght foreleg is placed so as to close the shell neatly on that side. 
The left foreleg is advanct slightly. The mght hind leg is withdrawn, so as to shut in its 
side of the gap between the upper and lower portions of the shell. The broad armored tail 
filled up the space between the two hinder legs. 
The skull, the cervical vertebra, and some other bones give evidences of having been 
considerably softened at some time after death. 
