TESTUDINIDZ. 435 
mm. thick. At the middle of the glenoid cavity the bone is 54 mm. wide and 40 mm. thick. 
The procoracoid process extended beyond the middle of the glenoid cavity a distance of 133 
mm. The coracoid is short and broad. Each of the borders was about 130 mm. long, measur- 
ing the anterior and the posterior from the glenoid cavity. 
The humerus has a total length of 250 mm.; the head, a diameter of 58 mm.; the shaft, 
where narrowest, a diameter of 42 mm. The distance across the condyles is 89 mm. The 
angle between the radial and 
ulnar processes is about as in 
Gopherus poly phemus. The 
trochlear surface is not grooved. 
There is an_ ectepicondylar 
groove, but it does not end in 
a foramen. 
The lateral extent of the pel- 
vis, from the lower end of one 
ilium to that of the other, is 276 
mm. The total height is 220 
mm. The upper ends of the 
ilia are damaged. The ischia 
have the posterior processes 
rather slender and directed out- 
ward and backward. The lat- 
eral process of each pubis 1s 
short, broad, and rounded on 
Fic. 572.—Testudo impensa. Pelvis of type, <3. From below. the lower end. The ischiopubic 
foramen is nearly circular. 
Differences among the limb-bones, shoulder and pelvic girdles of this species and of vie 
osborniana are noted in the description of the latter species. 
The few cervical vertebra present offer no novel characters. The caudals have lateral 
processes which are about 35 mm. long and directed outward and backward. It appears 
probable that the end of the tail was expanded and supported a shield of dermal bones, as in 
T. orthopygia and T. osborniana. 
The dermal bones present are of various sizes and forms. The most of them have a base 
which is roughened and has evidently been buried in the skin. The opposite surface is usually 
smooth and forms a very deprest cone, the apex of which overhangs the base. This smooth 
surface was doubtless covered with horn. These bones were probably concealed in the skin 
of the legs. They vary in diameter from 20 mm. to 25 mm. Two larger, more pointed bones, 
measuring from base to apex 35 mm. to 40 mm. and having a base of 25 mm. or more diameter, 
probably formed the cores of spurs on the hinder parts of the thighs. Other bones, flat and 
broad, with some of the sides straight or nearly so, are suturally united; and these in all 
probability formed parts of a caudal shield, as in the species referred to above in speaking of 
the caudal vertebre. 
Testudo undata Cope. 
Fig. 573. 
Testudo undata, Corr, Ann. Rept. Chief Engineers, 1875, p. 995 (of separata p. 74); Wheeler’s Rept. 
on Surv. W. rooth Merid., rv, 1877, p- 283, plate Ixvii, figs. 1, 2—Hay, Amer. Geologist, xx1Vv, 
1899, p. 349; Bibliog. and Cat. Foss. Vert. N. A., 1902, p. 452. 
Testudo undata was found in the Loup Fork deposits of the Miocene, in New Mexico, 
by Professor Cope, in 1874. The species is based on the pygal and 7 hinder peripherals, all 
somewhat damaged. These specimens are in the U. S. National Museum, with the numbet 
2127. It is believed to be best to reproduce here Cope’s description and the most instructive 
part of his figure 1, of the plate cited (fg. 573). 
The specimen which furnishes the characters of the Testudo undata includes portions or wholes of 
8 marginal bones and 1 costal. The former display a strong recurvature outward, and their internal 
thickening is near their sutural union with the costals. The borders are acute and do not display any 
