438 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
In some of his earlier references to this species Leidy was in doubt regarding its distinctness 
from Style mys nebrascensis, but-in his latest description he pointed out one character which 
definitely separates it from the White River species. This is found in the lip, which projects 
well beyond the general contour of the plastron and has a deep excavation beneath its backward 
extension on he. upper surface of the lobe. 
The plastral lip (Ags. 575, 576) 1s 36 mm. wide, measured from where one gulo-humeral 
sulcus crosses the free boric to the crossing of the other. From a line on the upper side join- 
ing these points the rounded, slightly orehe lip extends forward 13 mm. and backward g mm. 
le hinder border overhangs thet excayation. The gulo-humeral sulci on this upper surface are 
18 mm. long, that is, about one-third of the width Ba the base of the lip. The present thickness 
of the lip is 18 mm. It appears to have been somewhat convex from side to side above. 
From the original of Leidy’s fig. 6, plate 1 il, we learn that the fourth vertebral scute was 
155 mm. long aoe 148 mm. wide, and that it occupied a portion of the eighth neural. 
The pyg al (fig. 577) widens from the free to the superior border. ‘Above, it is somewhat 
excavated for fhe reception of the suprapygal. As shown by fig. 578, which represents the 
perpendicular section thru the pygal and the suprapygal, the pygal was slightly flared outward. 
The free border is obtuse. The greatest thickness is 13 mm. 
The part of the carapace figured by Leidy (No. 93, U. S. N. M.) must have belonged to an 
individual about 610 mm. long. The part ‘included the sixth, seventh, and eighth neurals, 
parts of the corresponding costal plates, and the upper end of the bifurcated suprapygal. The 
fourth vertebral scute had a length of 155 mm. The upper ends of the costals are 15 mm. 
thick. The limb bones figured by Leidy offer no novel characters. 
This species appears to be distinguisht from both 7. vaga and the younger specimens of 
T. osborniana by the more prominent  plastral lip and the shortness of the gulo-humeral sulcus 
on the upper side of each epiplastron. The pygal appears to differ from that of T. oshorniana 
in being obtuse on the free edge. It appears likewise to belong to a more recent formation than 
either oF the species just named: From T. farri of the Deep. River formation it differs in the 
more projecting epiplastral lip and more elongated entoplastron. 
Testudo orthopygia (Cope). 
Plate 19, figs. 6, 7; plates 72-75; 78-80, fig. 1; text-figs. 579-606. 
Xerobates orthopygius, Cope, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terrs., 1v, 1878, p. 393- 
Testudo orthopygia, Hay, Ainee Geologist, xxtv, 1899, p. 349; Bibliog. and Cat. Foss. Vert. N. A., 
1902, p- 451. 
Xerobates cyclopygius, Cope, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terrs., tv, 1878, 394. 
Testudo cyclopygia, Hay, Amer. Geologist, xx1v, 1899, p. 349; Bibliog. and Cat. Foss. Vert. N. A., 1902, 
ee os 
Caryoderma snovianum, Cope, Amer. Naturalist, xx, 1886, p. 1044; Amer. Naturalist, xx1I1, 1889, 
p. 662, plate xxxil, figs. I-17. 
Testudo undata?, WILLISTON, Science (2), vin, 1898, p. 1 
Testudo snoviana, Hay, Bibliog. and Cat. Foss. Vert. N. A., 1902, p. 451- 
In the year 1877 a party consisting of Messrs. C. H. Sternberg, R.S. Hill, and W. J. Brous 
collected from the Loup Fork beds of Decatur County, Kone a considerable number of 
specimens of turtles belonging to the genus Testudo. Out of these materials Professor Cope 
described 2 species, giving them the names referred to him in the synonymy above. These 
specimens are now in the Arcenean Museum of Natural History and have been studied by the 
present writer, with the result that they are all assigned to one species, which must bear the 
name orthopygia. According to Cope’s description, there existed between his two species a 
great difference, one having - the hinder border of the carapace broadly rounded, the other 
having it nearly straight and with rounded angles behind the inguinal notches. This striking 
difference, however, disappeared when it was discovered that Cope had mistaken the anterior 
border of the carapace of the type of his orthopygia for the posterior. This being the case, it 
would be more appropriate to call the species cyclopygra, but the other name having preceded 
the latter in the description, we must, according to rules adopted, retain the name orthopygza. 
The type of the species 7. orthopygia bears the museum’s number 3929. It consists of the 
skull and lower j jaw; the plastron quite complete; nearly the whole of the anterior free border 
